STATES &

PROPERTIES OF
MATTER

Mrs. Pamela P. Cruz-Malihan

 How separated are
their particles and
how free to move?
• Solid: closely packed; restricted motion
• Liquid: far apart; free movement
• Gas: very far apart; very free (chaotic)
movement
 PROPERTIES OF
MATTER
1. Physical Properties- can be
observed without changing the
composition of a substance.
Examples:
Color, states (solid, liquid or gas),
solubility, density, melting point, boiling
point, volatility, viscosity, conductivity.
2. Chemical Properties- can be
observed with an accompanying
change in the chemical
composition of the substance.
Examples:
Flammability, rusting, digestion
Chemical Reactivity- refers to how
a substance reacts with another
substance.
Inert- substances that are
chemically unreactive with other
substances.
1. Extensive Properties- or extrinsic
properties change their value when the
amount of matter or substance is changed.
Examples:
Mass, length, size and volume
*the more matter there is, the greater are
these properties
2. Intensive Properties- or intrinsic
properties do not change their value when
the amount of matter or substance is
changed. It depends on the type of matter.
Examples:
Density, color, physical state, melting pt,
boiling pt and conductivity
1. Identify the State of the ff. substances:
a. Iron nail f. alcohol
b. Sugar g. blood
c. Syrup h. oxygen
d. Air i. helium
e. Ice j.moth balls
2. Identify as Physical or Chemical Property:
a. Melting of ice f. density
b. Evaporation of water g. red color
c. Rusting h. Flammability
d. Digestion i. oxidation
e. Viscosity j. precipitation
3. Identify as Extensive or Intensive Property:
a. Melting of ice f. 500 ml water
b. Conductivity g. 50g/mL
c. 30 cm long h. 100 kilos
d. Boiling of water i. conductivity
e. Large rock j. gaseous state
CLASSIFICATIONS OF
MATTER

Mrs. Pamela P. Cruz-Malihan

 1. PURE SUBSTANCE
- is characterized by an unchanging or
specific composition
- Composed of only ONE COMPONENT
*Types of Pure Substances:
1. ELEMENTS- simplest type of matter that
is composed of only one kind of atom.
 MOST ABUNDANT ELEMENTS IN THE HUMAN BODY

ELEMENT SYMBOL % BY MASS FUNCTIONS

OXYGEN O 65.0 USE FOR CELLULAR RESPIRATION

CARBON C 18.0 BASIC BUILDING BLOCK OF MOST CELL IN THE

BODY
HYDROGEN H 10.0 MAINLY FOUND IN THE BODY AS WATER

NITROGEN N 3.0 MAKES UP THE PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACID

(INCLUDING DNA AND RNA)
CALCIUM Ca 1.5 MAKE UP THE BONES, TEETH, & BODY FLUIDS

PHOSPHORUS P 1.0 PRESENT IN ATP (ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE)

POTASSIUM K 0.25 TRANSMISSION OF NERVE IMPULSES

SULFUR S 0.25 FOUND IN AMINO ACIDS THAT MAKES UP

PROTEIN
2. COMPOUNDS- composed of two or
more elements combined chemically in
definite proportions.
-it can be decomposed into their
constituent elements only through
chemical means.
 2. MIXTURES
- Made up of two or more substances that are
only physically combined
- Can be separated into their simple
components though simple physical means.
*Types of Mixtures:
1. Homogenous- exists in single phase.
Appearance, properties and composition are
uniform throughout the sample. Ex. SOLUTION
 Parts of a SOLUTION:
1. SOLUTE- the substance that is being
dissolved.
Ex. Salt, sugar
2. SOLVENT- the substance that does the
dissolving.
Ex. Water
2. Heterogenous- components are not
evenly distributed in the sample.
Ex.
OIL-WATER mixture
SAND
PHYSICAL METHODS
OF SEPARATING
MIXTURES

Mrs. Pamela P. Cruz-Malihan

1. MAGNETS-are normally used to
remove magnetic solids from the
nonmagnetic components of a mixture.
2. DECANTATION- use to separate liquid
and heavy insoluble solids by gently
pouring the liquid out of the container
after the solid has settled at the
bottom of the container.
3. EVAPORATION-done by heating the
solution leaving behind the solid
components of the mixture.
4. SUBLIMATION- use to separate volatile
solids from nonvolatile substances.
5. FILTRATION- use to separate solid and
liquid mixture by allowing to the
mixture to pass through a filter
trapping the solid in it.
6. DISTILLATION-separates miscible
liquids of different boiling points such
as ethyl alcohol and water.
7. CHROMATOGRAPHY- is the method
used to separate components of
different degrees of solubility using a
moving and a stationary fluid. This is
used in separation of color pigments
of ink.
 1. Identify as Pure Substance or Mixture
a. Table sugar g. Oxygen gas (in tank)
b. Table salt h. Human breath
c. Iodized salt i. sand
d. Brown sugar j. orange juice
e. Distilled water
f. Soft drinks
2. Identify as Homogenous or Heterogenous:
a. Rubbing alcohol
b. Mixture of water and oil
c. Mixture of salt and pepper
d. Carbonated soft drink
e. Human breath