Programming In C

UNIT – V
FILE PROCESSING
 FILE PROCESSING

 Creating a file pointer FILE *fp;

 Opening a File
fp=fopen(“a.txt”,”r”);
 Reading from a File
 fgets() , fgetc(), fscanf(),fread()
 Writing to a File
 fputs(),fputc(),fprintf(),fwrite()
 Closing a File
 fclose(fp);
 Reading: char* fgets(char *str,int n,FILE *fp)

#include<stdio.h>
#include<stdlib.h>
void main()
{
char str[100];
FILE *fp;
clrscr();
fp=fopen("a.txt","r");
while(fgets(str,5,fp)!=NULL)
puts(str);
fclose(fp);
}
Return char array if successful, Else returns NULL;
 Reading : int fgetc (FILE *fp)
#include<stdio.h>
w e l c o m e EOF
void main()
{
char ch; fp
FILE *fp;
clrscr();
fp=fopen("a.txt","r");
while((ch=fgetc(fp))!=EOF)
putch(ch);
fclose(fp);
getch();
}
Return same char if successful, Else returns EOF;
 int fscanf(FILE *fp , char * formatstring)
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char name[20];
int roll;
float avg;
FILE *fp;
clrscr();
fp=fopen("a1.txt","r");

while((fscanf(fp,"%d%s%f",&roll,name,&avg))!=EOF)
printf("\n%d\t%s\t%f",roll,name,avg);
fclose(fp);
}
Return number of items read if successful Else returns Zero
 Writing: int fputs(char *str, FILE *fp)
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char str[100];
FILE *fp;
clrscr();
fp=fopen("b.txt","w");
gets(str);
fputs(str,fp);
fclose(fp);
}

Return 0 if successful, Else returns EOF;

 int fputc(char var,FILE *fp)
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char ch;
FILE *fp;
clrscr();
fp=fopen("b.txt","w");
ch=getchar();
fputc(ch,fp);
fclose(fp);
}
Input:
char var – character to be written into the file
fp- specifies the stream where the character is to be written.
Return Value:
same character if successful Else, EOF is returned
 int fprintf(fp, char format string)
#include<stdio.h>
void main()
{
char name[20];
int roll,i;
FILE *fp;
clrscr();
fp=fopen("c.txt","w");
for(i=0;i<3;i++)
{
scanf("%d%s",&roll,name);
fprintf(fp,"\n%d %s",roll,name);
}
fclose(fp);
}

Return number of items read if successful Else returns Zero

 size_t fread(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t n,
FILE *fp);
Input :Takes 4 argument
ptr is the starting address of the memory block
n no. of items
Size – space occupied by each item
Stream – from where data will be read

Return Value
If it reads n items from the file and returns n.
Else returns end of the file
 size_t fwrite(void *ptr, size_t size, size_t n,
FILE *fp);
Input :Takes 4 argument
ptr is the starting address of the memory block
n no. of items
Size – space occupied by each item
Stream – from where data will be read

Return Value
If it reads n items from the file and returns n.
Else returns end of the file
 void main()
#include<stdio.h> {
struct student struct student s1;
{ struct student s2;
int roll; FILE *fp;
char name[12]; clrscr();
}; fp=fopen("c.bin","wb");
scanf("%d%s",&s1.roll,s1.name);
fwrite(&s1,sizeof(s1),1,fp);
fclose(fp);

fp=fopen("c.bin","rb");
//printf("%d%s",&s2.roll,s2.name);
fread(&s2,sizeof(s2),1,fp);
printf("%d%s",s2.roll,s2.name);
fclose(fp);
}
Binary FIle