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WRITING:
PARAGRAPHS (B1)

IDIOMAS SEM
FRONTEIRAS - INGLÊS

Teacher:
Leonardo Teixeira
 Idiomas sem Fronteiras

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Writing: paragraphs
Class 01
• Course presentation
• Formal elements of a paragraph
• Wh-questions
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Would you rather…?

Write a puzzling “would you rather” question:

 Would you rather be forgotten or hatefully remembered?

 Would you rather have a missing finger or have an extra toe?

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The course program
Day 01 – 07.28.2017
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The course program
Day 02 – 08.04.2017
What is a paragraph?
Let´s Practice!
Find the
mistakes
and
rewrite
the text.
What is a sentence?
Put S to sentences e NS to not sentences. Explain why
you wrote some of the examples are not sentences.
Subject, Verb and Object
 Idiomas sem Fronteiras

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Writing: paragraphs
Class 02
• Writing Topic-sentences
• Word-forms: prefixes and suffixes
The Topic Sentence
Topic
Controlling Idea
Let´s Practice!
Prefixes
Suffixes
Quiz challenge
Quiz challenge
Quiz challenge
Quiz challenge
Quiz challenge
Quiz challenge
Quiz challenge
Quiz challenge
 Idiomas sem Fronteiras

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Writing: paragraphs
Class 03
• Creating ideas: brainstorming,
clustering and freewriting
• Supporting and concluding sentences
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Prewriting
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Freewriting
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Freewriting
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Brainstorming
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Clustering
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Cluster framework
Supporting Sentences
Let´s Practice!
Concluding Sentence
Let´s Practice!
 Idiomas sem Fronteiras

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Writing: paragraphs
Class 04
• Planning and Designing outlines
• Types of clauses
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Basic
paragraph
outline
 Sentence Structure
Independent And Dependent Clauses
Independent Clause
Dependent Clause
 Dependent Clause

Examples
 Adverb Subordinators
• They introduce dependent clauses that act like adverbs.
• They answer the questions when?, why?, where?, and so
on.
They introduce time
clauses.
Pay Attention!
Let´s Practice!
 Let´s Practice!
Match a clause from column B with a clause from column
A to make a complex sentence.
Complex Sentences
Fragments
Let´s Practice!
 First draft
Write two or three
paragraphs about
your course.
Try to convince the
reader your field of
study is a good one.
 Reference
HOGUE, Ann. First Steps in Academic Writing.
Level 2. Second Edition. Pearson Longman, 2008.
 Idiomas sem Fronteiras

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Writing: paragraphs
Class 05
• Paragraphs in academic genres
• Cohesive devices and referencing
 Idiomas sem Fronteiras

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Writing: paragraphs
Class 06
• Writing drafts
• Choosing tenses
 Let´s Review!
 What are the parts of a paragraph?
 What is a simple and a compound sentence?
 What is a dependent clause?
 What is an independent clause?
 What are adverbs?
 Can you give me examples of adverbs of
time?
 Idiomas sem Fronteiras

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Writing: paragraphs
Class 07
• Checking and editing
• Fragments and run-on sentences
• Phrasal verbs
 Idiomas sem Fronteiras

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Writing: paragraphs
Class 08
• Punctuation
• Modality
 Punctuation
Punctuation is used to create sense, clarity
and stress in sentences. You use punctuation
marks to structure and organize your writing.
 Punctuation
You can quickly see why punctuation is important if
you try and read this sentence which has no
punctuation at all:
Perhaps you dont always need to use commas periods
colons etc to make sentences clear when I am in a hurry
tired cold lazy or angry I sometimes leave out punctuation
marks grammar is stupid I can write without it and dont
need it my uncle Harry once said he was not very clever and
I never understood a word he wrote to me I think ill learn
some punctuation not too much enough to write to Uncle
Harry he needs some help
 Punctuation
Now let's see if punctuating it makes a
difference!
Perhaps you don't always need to use commas, periods,
colons etc. to make sentences clear. When I am in a hurry,
tired, cold, lazy, or angry I sometimes leave out punctuation
marks. "Grammar is stupid! I can write without it and don't
need it," my uncle Harry once said. He was not very clever,
and I never understood a word he wrote to me. I think I'll
learn some punctuation - not too much, enough to write to
Uncle Harry. He needs some help!
THE PERIOD, FULL STOP OR POINT

 Mark the end of a sentence which is not a

question or an exclamation

• Rome is the capital of Italy.

• I was born in Australia and now live in
Indonesia.
 Indicate an abbreviation

• I will arrive between 6 a.m. and 7 a.m.

• We are coming on Fri., Jan. 4.
 THE COMMA
 Separate phrases, words, or clauses in
lists
• I met Harry, we went for a swim together, and afterwards
Harry went home.
• I like your son, I might even love him, but he is not a very
good soccer player.

 Enclosing details
• China, one of the most powerful nations on Earth, has a
huge population.
• Jason's grandmother, who was born in 1930, lived through
the Second World War.
 THE COMMA
 Interjections
• She lives in Paris, doesn't
she?
• We haven't met, have we?
 Tag questions
• Yes, I will stay a little longer, thank you.
• No, he isn't like other boys.
Let´s Practice!
Add the commas
THE EXCLAMATION MARK
 It is used to express exasperation, astonishment,
or surprise, or to emphasize a comment or short,
sharp phrase.
• Help! Help!
• That's unbelievable!

 You can also use to mark a phrase as

humorous, ironic or sarcastic.
• What a lovely day! (when it obviously is not
a lovely day)
• That was clever! (when someone has done
something stupid)
 THE QUESTION MARK
 Use the question mark at the end of all
direct questions.
• What is your name?
• Do you speak Italian?
• You're Spanish, aren't you?
 Let´s Practice!
Put a period, exclamation or question mark in the
sentences
 THE COLON
 The colon expands on the sentence that precedes
it, often introducing a list that demonstrates or
elaborates whatever was previously stated.

• There are many reasons for poor

written communication: lack of
planning, poor grammar, misuse of
punctuation marks, and insufficient
vocabulary.

• He collected a strange assortment of

items: bird's eggs, stamps, bottle tops,
string, and buttons.
 THE COLON
 The colon is also used to divide the hour
from the minutes in writing a time in English.

• 4:15 = "four fifteen"

• 6:45 = "six forty-five"
Ponctuation Practice
What is missing?
Let´s Correct!