HYDRO-MECHANICAL

GOVERNING SYSTEM

R.T.ARAVAZHI.,
 Principle of Governing
It is based upon the constant oil
pressure principle. During the
stable operation of the unit the
sensitive oil pressure which
position the pilot valves is always at
same load
The pressure in the chamber
B is the function of the ratio
of the inlet orifice Oin to the
outlet orifice Ooutlet of the
chamber
 Governing System
• Governing System of a Steam Turbine is an
important Control System in the Power Plant. If it
is required to perform the following key function
which not only affect the unit operation, but also
the Power System Operation.
-- To act as man-machine interface for the
operation of the turbine.
-- During start-up, to reset the turbine and
facilitate warming up of the turbine.
contd.
 Governing Process

 Normal Governing Mechanism

 Protection Mechanism

 Pre-Emergency Devices
 Normal Governing Mechanisms

 Speed Governor
 Follow-up Pilot Valve
 Speeder Gear
 Speed/Load Control Pilot Valve
 Summation Pilot Valve
Normal Governing Mechanisms

 Intermediate Pilot Valve

 Servomotor Pilot valve
 Servomotor
 Feed back Pilot Valve
 Control Valves
 Governing Process
Variation of Load

Changes in Speed

Sensed by Speed Governor

 Governing Process
Linear movement of sleeve

Movement of follow pilot Valve

Summation Pilot valve Operated

 Governing Process

Intermediate pilot valve is operated

Control Valve Servomotor Operated

Control valves are operated

 Speed Governor

Speed governor is the main

sensing element of the governing
system. It senses speed variation
and transforms into a linear
displacement of sleeve
 Equilibrium
The centrifugal force of the governor
weights are balanced by the tension
spring & band spring and keeps the
governor weight and sleeve in steady
state position
 Turbine Speed Increases

Centrifugal force Increases

Governor weights fly radially Outwards

Sleeve moves towards the shaft

 Turbine Speed Decreases

Centrifugal force Decreases

Governor weights fly radially Inwards

Sleeve moves away from the shaft

Changes in Turbine rotor
speed is converted to
linear /axial displacement
of sleeve
Speed Governor Pilot Block
Speed governor pilot block performs
multifarious functions during start up
of the turbine and during normal
service when the turbine is being run
in a grid or otherwise
 Speed Governor Pilot Block

• Follow Pilot Valve

• Summation Pilot valve
• Load / Speed Control Pilot valve
• Speeder Gear
• Lever
Function of Follow Pilot Valve
The follow up pilot valve
follows the movement of the
governor sleeve and actuates
the summation pilot valve
through the lever
 Load speed control pilot valve
 It converts mechanical signal from
speeder gear into hydraulic signals
to emergency governor pilot valve
ESV servomotor and IV
servomotor

 It actuates the summation pilot

valve through lever
 Functions of load speed
control pilot valve
 To bring the main pilot spool of the
emergency governor pilot valve in
its operative position after the
turbine trip out
 To open ESV and IV during start
up
 To control the speed while the set
is at no load
 Functions of load speed
control pilot valve
 To assist in synchronisation of
the set
 For changing the load on the set
while
 The turbine is working in
parallel with other turbines in
the grid
Follow up Pilot Valve
 13 atg pressure acts on the left
face of the bobbin II

 5 atg pressure acts on the right

face of the bobbin II
Follow up Pilot Valve
Sleeve moves
towards left

Pressure in the 5kg

chamber is increased

Equilibrium of pilot
spool is get disturbed
Follow up Pilot Valve
Follow up pilot valve
moves towards left

The LW movement of
Pilot spool pushes
lever towards left

Pulls lever towards

left side
 When turbine speed increases
follow pilot valve moves towards left

The summation pilot valve is pulled

towards left through lever
Function of summation pilot valve
It receives signal from follow
pilot valve and load/speed
control pilot valve through lever
& actuates differentiator and
Intermediate pilot valve
Summation Pilot Valve
Summation Pilot Valve
 Intermediate Valve
The intermediate valve amplifies
the hydraulic signals from
summation pilot valve,
differentiator, Electro-hydraulic
transducer and emergency
governor pilot valve
Control valve servo motor

The servomotor receives hydraulic

signal from Intermediate pilot valve
and actuates four control valves of
HP turbine and four control valves
of IP turbine through Racks,
pinions, cams etc.
20
 Protection Mechanism

 Emergency or over speed

Governors
 Emergency Governor testing
Levers
 Emergency governor Pilot
Valves
Protection Mechanism

 ESV Servomotor

 IV Servomotor
 Turbine shut down switch
 Pre Emergency Devices

 Initial Steam Pressure

Unloading Gear
 Differentiator
 Load Limiter
 Electro-Hydraulic Transducer
 Load Limiter

Load Limiter avoids the accidental

overloading of the set beyond the
set point. The set point can be
varied over entire load range
 Governing System
• Governing System of a Steam Turbine is an
important Control System in the Power Plant. If it
is required to perform the following key function
which not only affect the unit operation, but also
the Power System Operation.
-- To act as man-machine interface for the
operation of the turbine.
-- During start-up, to reset the turbine and
facilitate warming up of the turbine.
contd.