E MI L IO A GUI N A L D O C O L L EG E– CAV IT E

COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES AMONG
INFANTS
Prepared by Arlian Rea C. Malihan
Today's Discussion
TOPIC OUTLINE
• WHAT IS A COMMUNICABLE DISEASE?
• WHAT ARE THE COMMUNICABLE DISEASE
THAT AFFECTS INFANTS?
• WHAT ARE THE SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
THESE DISEASES?
• PROGRAMS THAT AIDS COMMUNICABLE
DISEASES
INFANT MORTALITY RATE IN THE
PHILIPPINES

35 DEATHS PER 1,000

BIRTHS
2017-2019
 FACTORS THAT
LACK OF
INCREASES INFANT
SUFFICIENT
MORTALITY MEDICAL CARE

LACK OF
KNOWLEDGE
 WHAT IS A
COMMUNICABLE
DISEASE?
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE IS...

A disease that spreads from one person to

another through a variety of ways that include:

contact with blood and bodily fluids; breathing

in an airborne virus; or by being bitten by an

insect.
COMMUNICABLE DISEASE CAN BE
TRANSMITTED THROUGH...
Communicable
Diseases in the
Philippines
EMERGING TRENDS ABOUT
INFANTS
• DENGUE, MEASLES, AND
PNEUMONIA OUTBREAKS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 DENGUE
WHAT IS DENGUE?
• Dengue is a mosquito-borne
viral infection.
• The infection causes flu-like
illness, and occasionally
develops into a potentially lethal
complication called severe
dengue.
• The global incidence of dengue
has grown dramatically in recent
decades. About half of the
world's population is now at risk.
 DENGUE
WHAT IS DENGUE?

• Dengue is found in tropical and

sub-tropical climates worldwide,
mostly in urban and semi-urban
areas.
• Severe dengue is a leading
cause of serious illness and
death among children in some
Asian and Latin American
countries.
 A DENGUE-FREE PHILIPPINES
TO REDUCE DENGUE MORBIDITY BY ATLEAST 25%
BY 2022

CASE OUTBREAK
SURVEILLANC I N T E G R AT E D
MANAGEMENT RESPONSE
E VECTOR
AND DIAGNOSIS
MANAGEMENT
 A DENGUE FREE PHILIPPINES
TO REDUCE DENGUE MORBIDITY BY ATLEAST 25%
BY 2022

H E A LT H RESEARCH
PROMOTION
AND
ADVOCACY
ENHANCED 4S
STRATEGY
S - SEARCH AND DESTROY
S - SEEK EARLY CONSULTATION
S - SELF PROTECTION MEASURES
S - SAY YES TO FOGGING ONLY DURING
OUTBREAKS

Sabayang 4-o’clock Habit para Deng-Get

Out
MEASLE
S
CAUSES
• caused by infection with the rubeola virus.

The virus lives in the mucus of the nose and

throat of an infected child or adult.

 KEY FACTS!
• Even though a safe
and cost-effective • Measles vaccination
vaccine is available, resulted in a 80%
in 2017, there were drop in measles
110 000 measles deaths between
deaths globally, 2000 and 2017
mostly among worldwide.
children under the
age of five.
 KEY FACTS!
• In 2017, about 85% • During 2000-2017,
of the world's measles vaccination
children received prevented an
one dose of measles estimated 21.1
vaccine by their first million deaths
birthday through making measles
routine health vaccine one of the
services – up from best buys in public
72% in 2000. health.
 Measles is a highly
contagious, serious disease
caused by a virus. Before the
introduction of measles
vaccine in 1963 and
widespread vaccination,
major epidemics occurred
approximately every 2–3
years and measles caused an
estimated 2.6 million deaths
each year.
EXPANDED PROGRAM
ON IMMUNIZATION
The Expanded Program on
Immunization (EPI) was established
in 1976 to ensure that
infants/children and mothers have
access to routinely recommended
infant/childhood vaccines. Six
vaccine-preventable diseases were
initially included in the EPI:
tuberculosis, poliomyelitis,
diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis and
measles. In 1986, 21.3% “fully
immunized” children less than
fourteen months of age based on the
PNEUMONIA
• Pneumonia accounts for 15% of all deaths
of children under 5 years old, killing 808
694 children in 2017.

• Pneumonia can be caused by viruses,

bacteria, or fungi.

• Pneumonia can be prevented by

immunization, adequate nutrition, and by
addressing environmental factors.
 PNEUMONIA

• Pneumonia is a form of acute

• Pneumonia is the single
respiratory infection that affects
largest infectious cause of
the lungs. The lungs are made
death in children worldwide.
up of small sacs called alveoli,
Pneumonia killed 808 694
which fill with air when a
children under the age of 5 in
healthy person breathes. When
2017, accounting for 15% of
an individual has pneumonia,
all deaths of children under
the alveoli are filled with pus
five years old.
and fluid, which makes
breathing painful and limits
oxygen intake.
 CAUSES OF PNEUMONIA

R E S P I R AT O R PNEUMOCYST
HAEMOPHIL Y IS JIROVECI
STREPTOCOCCU
US SYNCYTIAL
S PNEUMONIAE most common
I N F LU E N Z A E   VIRUS IS
causes of
THE MOST T Y P E B THE MOST
the second pneumonia,
COMMON COMMON
most common responsible for at
CAUSE OF VIRAL
cause of least one quarter
BACTERIAL C AU S E O F
bacterial PNEUMONIA of all pneumonia
PNEUMONIA
pneumonia; deaths in HIV-
IN CHILDREN
infected infants.
TRANSMISSION
 FAST BREATHING
WATCH OUT FOR
LOWER CHEST WALL
INDRAWING

WHEEZING
PREVENTION

ADEQUATE
IMMUNIZATION ADDRESS
NUTRITION
ENVIRONMENTAL
FACTORS
 WHO RESPONSE
T R E AT
PREVENT focusing on making
PROTECT sure that every
prevent pneumonia
protect children with vaccinations, sick child has
from pneumonia hand washing with access to the right
including soap, reducing kind of care --
promoting household air either from a
exclusive pollution community-based
breastfeeding and health worker, or in
adequate a health facility if
complementary the disease is
feeding; severe -- and can
Thank You!