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Mr. Manikanta
•P.K is the study of A,D,M,E of drugs.“what the body
does to the drug.”
•i.e. Movement of drugs into, within & out of the
body.
•Drug to produce a specific response –needs a
adequate conc. +nt at the site of action.
•Once the drug is adm-
It is absorbed, i.e. enters the blood,
Distributed to different parts of the body,
Reaches the site of action,
Its metabolised & then excreted finally.
Biotransportation -Movement or Translocation of drug
molecules from one side of biological barrier to other.
Major Transport mechanisms:-
Passive /simple diffusion
Carrier mediated transport
o Facilitated diffusion
o Active transport
Pinocytosis/ phagocytosis
Filtration
Passive Diffusion
•The drug molecules- higher conc. to lower conc.
•Energy is not required.
•Nonionised / lipid soluble drugs –rapidly diffuses(pH
independent).
•Acidic drugs- are Nonionised in acidic media & absorbed
from stomach -e.g. Phenytoin, Salicylates.
•Basic drugs- are Nonionised in alkaline media & absorbed
from intestine. e.g. morphine, atropine etc.
Simple diffusion
Facilitated diffusion-
carrier
Drug
Drug
Carrier
+
Drug
Active transport-(up hill transport)-
• Energy is required.
Carrier Drug
Drug
Energy
Carrier
+
Drug
Pinocytosis(uptake of fluid)-
• For the drug to reach its target site, should pass through the
membranes.
Disintegration
To fine particles
Dissolution
…..
… Drug in solution
…
…
……
…..
……
Available for
absorption through
GIT
First pass metabolism-means drug degradation occurs
before the drug enters into S.circulation.
- Pre-systemic metabolism.
Oral administration
Stomach
Bile juice
Duodenum
FIRST PASS
Liver
Small intestine
-Extent of 1st.pass depends on drug & the individuals from
partial to total inactivation.
Drug administration
Bio-transportation Absorption
Distribution Metabolism
Excretion of drugs
Drug distribution(D) means pattern of “scattering” of
the specified amount of drug among various locations within the body.
enter into tissues which are not involved in 10 site of action (i.e.,
involved in metabolism & excretion).
Free/un-bound fraction of drug:-
-Pharmacologically active
Cellular reservoir
Pharmacologically inactive
Thyroid Iodine.
Retina Chloroquine
Active Drug
Metabolism
Inactivation active
metabolite
(duration of
active action gets
metabolite prolonged)
Inactive Drug
(Prodrug)
Active Drug
Metabolism
Consequence of biotransformation
46
PRODRUG
1. Drug interaction
1. Glomerular Filtration
• Urea derivatives-sweat.
Clearance: the clearance of a drug is the theoretical volume of
plasma from which the drug is completely removed in unit
time.
• Each drug has its own elimination t1/2 & gives an idea
about duration of drug action.
Thank u