Вы находитесь на странице: 1из 37

 When a woman gives birth , she produces a

baby from her body.

 Also known as labor and delivery, is the


ending of pregnancy where one or more
babies leaves a woman's uterus by passing
through the vagina or by Caesarean section.
is the birth of offspring
through the vagina.
Most babies are born head first; however
about 4% are born feet or buttock first,
known as breech. Typically the heads enter
the pelvis facing to one side, and then rotate
to face down. During labor, a woman can
generally eat and move around as she likes.
 Stage One
During the first stage, the woman reaches full cervical
dilatation. This begins when contractions start, and it is the
longest stage of labor. The first stage is divided into three
phases: latent, active, and transition.

 In the latent phase, contractions occur more often, become


stronger, and become more regular. During this phase the cervix
thins. This is called effacement. The latent phase varies from
woman to woman and from labor to labor. It may take a few days
or be as short as a few hours. The latent phase tends to be 10 to 12
hours for a woman who has had children. For first pregnancies, it
may last closer to 20 hours. Many women confuse the latent phase
of labor with Braxton Hicks contractions. Membranes may rupture
in the early- to mid-portion of the first stage of labor. If they
rupture, the labor process often speeds up.
 The next portion of the first stage of labor is
the active phase. During this phase, the
cervix dilates rapidly. For most women,
dilation goes from 3 to 4 centimeters to 8 to 9
centimeters. The active phase is the most
predictable, lasting an average of 5 hours in
first-time mothers and 2 hours in mothers
who have given birth before.
 Finally, there is the transition phase. During this
phase, the cervix dilation continues to dilate, but at a
slower pace, until fully dilated. In some women, the
transition phase is not really noticeable, blending into
the active phase. This is also a phase of more rapid
descent, when the baby is passing lower into the
pelvis and deeper into the birth canal. In mothers with
no anesthesia, nausea, vomiting and uncontrollable
shaking may occur. These symptoms can be
frightening to watch and experience, but they're a
part of normal birth. They signal that the first stage is
almost completed.
 Stage Two
The second stage is the delivery of the infant.
During the second stage, mom actively pushes
out the baby. For first-time mothers, this can
take 2 to 3 hours, so it's important to save your
energy and pace yourself. For second babies and
beyond, the second stage often lasts less than
an hour -- and sometimes, only a few minutes. If
you have an epidural anesthetic, the second
stage may require more time.
 Stage Three

The third stage of labor is the passage of the


placenta. This may occur right away, or take
up to 30 minutes. The process may be sped
up naturally by breastfeeding (which releases
oxytocin), or medically by administering a
drug called pitocin.
 When your baby's head is almost ready
to come out, your midwife will ask you
to stop pushing and do some short
breaths, blowing out through your
mouth.
 This is so the head can be born slowly
and gently, giving the skin and muscles
of the area between your vagina and
anus (the perineum) time to stretch.
 Sometimes your midwife or doctor will
suggest an episiotomy to avoid a tear or to
speed up delivery. This is a small cut made to
the perineum.
 You'll be given a local anaesthetic injection to
numb the area first. Once your baby is born,
the cut or any large tears will be stitched up.
 Find out about your body after the birth,
including how to deal with stitches.
 Once your baby's head is born, most of the
hard work is over. The rest of the body is
usually born during the next one or two
contractions.
 You'll usually be able to hold your baby
straight away and enjoy some skin-to-skin
time together.
 You can breastfeed your baby as soon after
birth as you like. Ideally, your baby will have
their first feed within one hour of the birth.
Cesarean delivery (C-section) is a surgical
procedure used to deliver a baby through incisions
in the abdomen and uterus.

A C-section might be planned ahead of time if you


develop pregnancy complications or you've had a
previous C-section and aren't considering a vaginal
birth after cesarean (VBAC). Often, however, the
need for a first-time C-section doesn't become
obvious until labor is underway.
 If you're pregnant, knowing what to expect
during a C-section — both during the
procedure and afterward — can help you
prepare.
 Sometimes a C-section is safer for you or
your baby than is a vaginal delivery. Your
health care provider might recommend a C-
section if:

1. Your labor isn't progressing. Stalled labor is


one of the most common reasons for a C-
section. Stalled labor might occur if your cervix
isn't opening enough despite strong
contractions over several hours.
2. Your baby is in distress. If your health care
provider is concerned about changes in your
baby's heartbeat, a C-section might be the best
option.

3. Your baby or babies are in an abnormal


position. A C-section might be the safest way to
deliver the baby if his or her feet or buttocks enter
the birth canal first (breech) or the baby is
positioned side or shoulder first (transverse).
4. You're carrying multiples. A C-section might
be needed if you're carrying twins and the
leading baby is in an abnormal position or if you
have triplets or more babies.

5. There's a problem with your placenta. If the


placenta covers the opening of your cervix
(placenta previa), a C-section is recommended
for delivery.
6. Prolapsed umbilical cord. A C-section might
be recommended if a loop of umbilical cord
slips through your cervix ahead of your baby.

7. You have a health concern. A C-section


might be recommended if you have a severe
health problem, such as a heart or brain
condition. A C-section is also recommended if
you have an active genital herpes infection at
the time of labor.
8. Mechanical obstruction. You might need a C-
section if you have a large fibroid obstructing the
birth canal, a severely displaced pelvic fracture or
your baby has a condition that can cause the head
to be unusually large (severe hydrocephalus).
9. You've had a previous C-section. Depending on
the type of uterine incision and other factors, it's
often possible to attempt a VBAC. In some cases,
however, your health care provider might
recommend a repeat C-section.
Like other types of major surgery, C-sections also carry
risks.

Risks to your baby include:

 Breathing problems. Babies born by scheduled C-


section are more likely to develop transient tachypnea
— a breathing problem marked by abnormally fast
breathing during the first few days after birth.

 Surgical injury. Although rare, accidental nicks to the


baby's skin can occur during surgery.
 Infection.  Blood clots.
 Postpartum  Wound
hemorrhage. infection.
 Reactions to  Surgical injury.
anesthesia.  Increased risks
during future
pregnancies.
 You can give birth at home, in a unit run by midwives
(a midwifery unit or birth centre) or in hospital.
 Your options about where to have your baby will
depend on your needs, risks and, to some extent, on
where you live.
 If you're healthy and have no complications ("low
risk") you could consider any of these birth locations.
For women with some medical conditions, it's safest
to give birth in hospital, where specialists are
available. This is in case you need treatment during
labor.
 Women who give birth at home or in a unit
run by midwives are less likely to need
assistance such as forceps or ventouse
(sometimes called instrumental delivery).

 Wherever you choose, the place should feel


right for you. You can change your mind at
any point in your pregnancy.
 If you have a straightforward pregnancy, and
both you and the baby are well, you might
choose to give birth at home.

 But for women having their first baby, home


birth slightly increases the risk of serious
problems for the baby – including death or
issues that might affect the baby's quality of
life – from 5 in 1,000 for a hospital birth to 9 in
1,000 for a home birth.
Midwifery units or birth centers are more comfortable
and homely than a maternity unit in a hospital. They
can be:

 part of a hospital maternity unit, where pregnancy


(obstetric), newborn (neonatal) and anaesthetic
care is available

 separate from a hospital, and without immediate


obstetric, neonatal or anaesthetic care
 If you choose to give birth in hospital, you'll
be looked after by midwives, but doctors will
be available if you need their help.

 You'll still have choices about the kind of care


you want. Your midwives and doctors will
provide information about what your hospital
can offer.
 How bad is the pain of giving birth?
This pain can be felt as strong
cramping in the abdomen, groin, and
back, as well as an achy feeling. Other
causes of pain during labor include
pressure on the bladder and bowels by the
baby's head and the stretching of
the birth canal and vagina. Pain during
labor is different for every woman.
 Do you poop when giving birth?
Pooping during labor sounds gross and
embarrassing, and no new mom wants it to
happen. But poop happens, and here's why:
The muscles you use to push your baby out are
the exact same ones you use to poop. So
if you're pushing right, you probably are going
to let something slip. In fact, most women do
poop during labor.
 Can you die from the pain of giving birth?
True, that means one percent of
American women die too, but not
because of pain. It's because of
serious childbirth complications like
infection, hemorrhage, or high blood
pressure. If you're getting good prenatal
care, the odds you'll die during labor are
extremely small.
 Which is worse C section or natural birth?
Women are three times more likely to
die during Caesarean delivery than
a vaginal birth, due mostly to blood clots,
infections and complications from
anesthesia, according to a French study.
Once a woman has had her first C-section,
she is more likely to have a C-section in
her future deliveries.
 Which baby will born soon Boy or girl?
Friends and family may point out
signs of having a girl or boy, but most
of these will probably be based on
folklore rather than science. An
ultrasound at 20 weeks into the
pregnancy is the most reliable way to
tell a baby's sex.

Вам также может понравиться