Immunity and Vaccinations 13/11/2019: Complete Your Now Try This!

(L4) Describe how (L5) Explain how (L6) Explain how
people become naturally immunisations can vaccines were

immune to diseases. cause immunity. developed.
Immunity and Vaccinations 13/11/2019
Complete your now try this!
When you finish – write down the key words

and explain the meanings of any of the words
you already know.
Key Words: immune, immunity, vaccination, antibiotic,

resistant
Learning Objectives
(L4) Describe
(L5) Explain how
how people (L6) Explain how
immunisations
become naturally vaccines were
can cause
immune to developed.
immunity.
diseases.
Key Words: immune, immunity, vaccination, antibiotic,

resistant
White blood cells produce

antibodies that attach
themselves to the
markers on the bacteria.
The antibodies have to be

the right shape to match
the microbe.
Your body only knows what

shape to make the
antibodies after you have
caught the disease and
become ill.
a
1
b 2
c 3
d 4
• How do you feel when you are ill?

(Symptoms)
• What do you do to make yourself feel

better?
• What happens after the disease?
• Can you get the same disease again?

• Medicines contain useful drugs.
• Often, medicines don’t affect the microbe

making you feel ill, they soothe the symptoms.
– Eg throat sweets,
– Eg painkillers
• Some medicines do target the microbe…

There is an old medical adage that runs

along these lines:
‘A cold will be almost gone after 48

hours if treated with decongestants,
analgesics and antibiotics.
Left untreated, it will be almost gone

after 2 days’
• Antibiotics damage bacteria and

eventually kill them.
• They do not kill viruses or fungi.
• However, they don’t affect healthy cells
Discovered penicillin, the first

antibiotic, by accident!
Immune
What does this

mean?
Immunisation
What does this

mean?
Immune: Not being able to catch

a particular disease because you have
antibodies in your blood to fight it.
How can you

become immune to
a disease?
Vaccine: a dead or weakened version

of a disease. Your body can make
antibodies without becoming infected.
• It is a weakened form of the disease. Either a dead or less

virulent strain (can be chemically weakened).
• This is then put into the human body by injection or

ingested (eaten).
• The body then reacts to the threat of the disease and

makes the white blood cells make antibodies . Because the
disease is present in such a weakened form, the antibodies
are made before the person dies.
• If the actual disease attacks the person they are now

ready to make lots of antibodies, that they know how to
make, very quickly.
Activteach graph
Worksheets
Need exploring science 8 books.

Smallpox was a serious disease that caused huge pus-fi lled

spots to appear all over the body. In the eighteenth century
a great many people caught the disease and 15% of victims
died. Those who lived had terrible scars left by the spots,
especially on their faces.
As a young man, Edward Jenner (1749–1823) was given

smallpox on purpose. The idea was that by giving it to people
when they were young, fi t and healthy they would survive
better than if they caught it when they were older. This was
a very dangerous thing to do and many people died.
Jenner survived but later in his life he set about trying to

stop this practice.
Jenner noticed that girls who looked after cows

rarely caught smallpox.
He came up with a theory that if you gave people a

disease caught from cows, called cowpox, they
would be protected from smallpox.
Many people thought he was mad

and some even thought that anyone who
He tested his theory in 1796, when a milk maid

called Sarah Nelmes caught cowpox.
He asked an 8-year-old boy, called James Phipps, to

come to his house, where he squeezed pus from a
cowpox spot on Sarah’s hand into a cut on James’
arm.
The boy caught cowpox.

Eight weeks after this, he squeezed pus from a

smallpox spot into another cut on James’ arm. The
boy did not get smallpox.
This was the first vaccine (although Jenner knew

nothing of microbes).
The word ‘vaccine’ comes from the Latin for cow –

vacca. Thanks to immunisation, smallpox no longer
exists in the world (although some of the viruses
are kept in laboratories for research).
1 a Why was Jenner given smallpox as a young man?

b Describe the symptoms that Jenner might have suffered.
2 a What theory did Jenner develop to explain why milkmaids did not get
smallpox?
b What observations did he make to come up with this theory?
3 Why did James Phipps not catch smallpox?
4 a What is a vaccine?
b Why did it get this name?
5 These are the fi rst two lines of a poem by William Allingham (1824–
1889), called ‘The Milk Maid’:
O where are you going so early? he said;
Good luck go with you, my pretty maid;
Why do you think milk maids were renowned for being pretty in the
eighteenth and early
nineteenth centuries?
6 Do you think Jenner’s experiment would be allowed today? Explain your
reasoning.
Review wheel
Learning Objectives
Are you now able to…
(L4) Describe
(L5) Explain how
how people (L6) Explain how
immunisations
become naturally vaccines were
can cause
immune to developed.
immunity.
diseases.
:( :| :)
I still feel unsure. I need some more help to understand.
I feel ok. I need to do some more work to check my understanding.
I am happy and feel I understand and can explain the main points.

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(L4) Describe how (L5) Explain how (L6) Explain how

people become naturally immunisations can vaccines were

Immunity and Vaccinations 13/11/2019

Complete your now try this!

When you finish – write down the key words

Key Words: immune, immunity, vaccination, antibiotic,

Key Words: immune, immunity, vaccination, antibiotic,

White blood cells produce

The antibodies have to be

Your body only knows what

• How do you feel when you are ill?

• What do you do to make yourself feel

• What happens after the disease?

• Can you get the same disease again?

• Medicines contain useful drugs.

• Often, medicines don’t affect the microbe

• Some medicines do target the microbe…

There is an old medical adage that runs

‘A cold will be almost gone after 48

Left untreated, it will be almost gone

• Antibiotics damage bacteria and

Discovered penicillin, the first

What does this

What does this

Immune: Not being able to catch

How can you

Vaccine: a dead or weakened version

• It is a weakened form of the disease. Either a dead or less

• This is then put into the human body by injection or

• The body then reacts to the threat of the disease and

• If the actual disease attacks the person they are now

Need exploring science 8 books.

Smallpox was a serious disease that caused huge pus-fi lled

As a young man, Edward Jenner (1749–1823) was given

Jenner survived but later in his life he set about trying to

Jenner noticed that girls who looked after cows

He came up with a theory that if you gave people a

Many people thought he was mad

He tested his theory in 1796, when a milk maid

He asked an 8-year-old boy, called James Phipps, to

The boy caught cowpox.

Eight weeks after this, he squeezed pus from a

This was the first vaccine (although Jenner knew

The word ‘vaccine’ comes from the Latin for cow –

1 a Why was Jenner given smallpox as a young man?

I still feel unsure. I need some more help to understand.

I feel ok. I need to do some more work to check my understanding.

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