BIOMECHANICS

LOADS ON
SHOULDER
GROUP A

DECEMBER 05, 2018

 BIOMECHANICS

LOADS ON
SHOULDER
GROUP A

DECEMBER 05, 2018

 CENTRE OF GRAVITY

 Centre of gravity at
body

segmental centre of
gravity
 GLENOHUMORAL JOINT

 Major load bearing joint.

Have many muscles and possible positions.

How to estimate magnitude of forces?

 A person holding the upper extremity at 90
 Assume that only deltoid muscle is active.
 The joint reactive forces and the force
of deltoid being nearly parallel are
considered to be a force couple that are
equal but of opposite magnitude
 MOMENT ARM

The torque created at the

shoulder by the weight of the
arm is the product of arm
weight and the perpendicular
distance between the arm’s
center of gravity and the
shoulder (the arm’s moment
arm).

FIQURE
• CASE I:
When elbow is extended:
large moment arm
.
large torque
shoulder muscle contract.
• CASE II:
When elbow is flexed:
Half moment arm
Rotational torque
Additional shoulder muscles
Involves.
• EQUILIBRIUM

For a body to be the in

equilibrium the sum of all
torque must equal to zero

• MOMENT
EQUILIBRIUM
CASE A:
Arm extended, no external weight
a free body diagram of the arm and shoulder can be
constructed as shown below. If the weight of the arm is 33 N,
the moment arm for the total arm segment is 30 cm, and the
moment arm for the deltoid muscle (Fm) is 3 cm, how much
force must be supplied by the deltoid to maintain the arm in this
position? What is the magnitude of the horizontal component of
the joint reaction force (Rh)?
SOLUTION:
wt = 33 N
dwt = 30 cm
dm = 3 cm
Fm = ?
Rh = ?

Sample
8
Problems
 Summation Ts = 0
Ts = (Fm)(dm) - (wt) (dwt)
0 = (Fm)(3 cm) - (33 N) (30 cm)
0 = (Fm)(3 cm) - (33 N) (30 cm)
Fm = (33 N)(30 cm)
3 cm
Fm = 330 N
Since the horizontal component of joint reaction force
(Rh) and Fm are the only two horizontal forces present,
and since the arm is stationary, these forces must be
equal and opposite. The magnitude of Rh is therefore
the same as the magnitude of Fm.
Rh = 330N

Sample
9
Problems
 CASE II:
arm extended, having an external
weight
• A similar condition but weight is increased.

After the weight is increased the calculations of

forearm are also added including weight and
moment arm.

Sample
10
Problems
 Stabilization of joint
Muscles that attach to the humerus at small
angles also contribute to stabilize the humerus
in the glenoid fossa against the contraction of
the muscles that might otherwise dislocate the
joint

Joint stability 11
 Participants:
Aymen Tahir
Maryam Shafique
“ Raima Liaqat
Humda Niaz
Ayesha
ZUHA
Aneeza Shahid
Usman Zahoor
Maryam Noshaba
Noor Fatima
companions 12
THANK YOU