Transmission High Tension

Switchgear and DC Systems

Shashwat Kumar Singh(EEB16028)

Department of Electrical Engineering
Tezpur University

Department Of Electrical Engineering

13 November 2019
Tezpur University
 High Tension Switchgear

Fig.1: High Tension Switchgear

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 Introduction

• Switchgear are apparatus used for power system protection.

• Used for controlling, regulating and switching the electrical

circuit.

• High tension switchgears operate above 66kV.

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 HT Switchgear Equipments

1. Circuit Breaker

• It is a switch with added and complex features.

• It can be operated automatically and manually.

• Insulating medium used for quenching the arc produced are-

Compressed Air, Oil, Vacuum and Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6).

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 HT Switchgear Equipments(Cont’d…)

2. Relays

• It is an electrically operated switch.

• Generally used to switch smaller currents in a control circuit.

• It detects faults.

• It supplies information to the breaker for circuit interruption.

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 Types of Relays

Electromechanical Relays Solid State relays

Fig.4: Electromechanical relays Fig.5: Solid State relay

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 Types of Relays(Cont’d…)
• Under/Over Voltage Relay

• Supervision Relay

• Control Relay

• Definite time over current relay

• Motor Protection Relay

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 HT Switchgear Accommodation

Metal Clad Switchgear/ Indoor Type

• It consists of cells.

• Used to segregate different components and

functions.

• It improves reliability and safety.

• Design and number of cells depends upon utility.

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 HT Switchgear Accomodation(Cont’d…)
Metal Clad Switchgear/Indoor Type(Cont’d…)

Fig.5: Metal Clad Switchgear cross-section and Layout

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 Circuit Breaker

SF6 Circuit Breaker Vacuum Circuit Breaker

• Excellent gaseous dielectric • Extinguishes arc in a

for HT power application. vacuum chamber.
• High dielectric strength • Longer life expectancy
• Unique arc-quenching
ability • Maintenance free
• Excellent thermal stability • No exhaust gases to the
• Good thermal conductivity atmosphere

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 Circuit Breaker(Cont’d…)

Fig. 2 SF6 Circuit Breaker Fig.3 Vacuum Circuit Breaker

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 DC Systems
• DC systems consists of batteries, chargers and control circuit.
• DC systems supply direct current for control, signalling and
running emergency motors.
• Batteries comprise of array of cells of 1.2V(Ni-Cd)to 2 V(lead-
acid) .

Fig. 6 Battery Charger

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 Types of battery
1. Lead-acid battery tubular
2. Lead acid battery plante
3. Ni-Cd battery

Fig. 7 Battery Connection

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 Types of Battery Charging

1. Float charging

• It is used where battery seldom gets discharged.

• Involves charging of batteries at a reduced voltage.

• Ensures that battery is always in charged condition.

• If battery is drained, float charger increases charging voltage.

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 Types of Battery Charging(Cont’d…)

2. Boost Charging

• Also called ‘constant current’ charging.

• It charges batteries using a high current for a short period of

time.

• It is used when the batteries are heavily discharged.

• Enables quick charging of the batteries.

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 Battery Charger
• Micro-controller based thyristor power devices.
• Batteries are charged initially on boost mode.
• Then automatically switches to float mode.

Fig. 8 Block Diagram of Battery Charger

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 Reference

• Operating manuals of DC System (2016 edition)”, NTPC

Unchahar
• Wadhwa C.L. (2011). “Electrical power system (Sixth Edition)”,
New Age International Publisher.
• Mehta V.K, Rohit (2004). “Principles of Power System”, S.
Chand Publishing
• Sadat H. (2011). “Power System Analysis Third Edition”. PSA
Publishing LLC

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 Thank You

Department Of Electrical Engineering

13 November 2019
Tezpur University