ORTHODONTIC WIRES

COPPER NITI AND BETA TITANIUM

PREPARED BY : DR. IRVIN DUA

ORTHODONTIC SUPPLIES
 GOALS OF THIS SESSION

Introduce OSL
A general introduction of
Orthodontic Wire Properties
Specifics about OSL wires
 We are working with the leading
technical people who over the past
30 years developed and introduced
modern line of wires & materials that
revolutionized orthodontic treatment
OSL developed the wire specifications
based on years of experience for:

• Efficient tooth movement,

• Patient comfort
• Ease of use for the Clinicians
What differentiates OSL
from other orthodontic
wire suppliers?
• Quality – OSL wires produce
optimum force for; ease of
engagement, efficient tooth
movement & patient comfort
• Consistency – Rigorous
control on manufacturing
and quality control provides
wires that would perform as
you expect it without lot to
lot variations
• Cost Advantage – Cost
control and efficiency
makes it possible for OSL
to produce wires cost
efficiently and pass on the
savings to our customers
VALUE & COST
QUALITY / COST OF ORTHODONTIC WIRES
• Production Process
• Quality Control
• Product Consistency
• Impact of the Wire Cost
ORTHODONTIC WIRE FUNCTION
•In an Orthodontic System,
Wires are the Only Elements
that Produce Force for
Moving Teeth During the
Treatment
WHAT DO CLINICIANS
EXPECT FROM WIRES
• Efficient Tooth Movement
• Easy Engagement
• Patient Comfort
• Maximum Control
• Consistency / Repeatability
ORTHODONTIC WIRE PROPERTIES

• Wire Stiffness
• Wire Flexibility / Resilience
• Wire Bendability
• Wire Friction / Sliding
BETA TITANIUM / TMA / CNA
 Bending Test, 19 x 25 Wires
at Body Temperature
1000
Stainless Steel
TMA
Bending Moment (g cm)

Ni/Ti
800

600

400

200

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Deflection Angle (deg)

 Time Dependent Factor

1 Minute 1 Hour 3 Days

S.S.
Ni/Ti Wires

OSL Wire
WIRES FOR DIFFERENT
STAGES OF
ORTHODONTIC TREATMENT
STAGES OF ORTHODONTIC
TREATMENT
• Initial Stage - Leveling /
Alignment
• Intermediate Stage – Root /
Arch Correction
• Final Stage - Finishing
Resilience

Final Stage

Intermediate Stage

Initial Stage

Stiffness
OPTIMUM ORTHODONTIC WIRE
• Engages in the Brackets Slot Easily
• Provides a Continues Force for Tooth
Movement During the Whole Time
Between the Patient Visits
• Would Produce the Minimum Required
Force for an Efficient Tooth Movement
• Does Not Take a Set
 WIRE CHARACTERISTICS
INITIAL STAGE OF TREATMENT
• Wire Stiffness - Low
• Wire Flexibility - High
• Wire Bendability - Low
• Wire Friction - Low
 Comparative Force Decay of
Orthodontic Wires with Time

120

100

80
Force, grams

Stainless Steel Wire

Ni/Ti Wire

60

40

20

0
0 20 40 60 80 100

Time Lapse, days

 WIRE CHARACTERISTICS
INTERMEDIATE STAGE OF
TREATMENT
•Wire Stiffness – Medium / High
•Wire Flexibility - Medium
•Wire Bendability – Medium / High
•Wire Friction - Medium
 WIRE CHARACTERISTICS
FINAL STAGE OF TREATMENT
• Wire Stiffness – Low / High
• Wire Flexibility - Low
• Wire Bendability - High
• Wire Friction - High
CHARACTERISTICS OF
NI/TI & CU/NI/TI WIRES
Physical Properties
Of Ni/ Ti Alloys
• Crystalline Structure
• Transformation Temperature
• Heat Treatment
• Shape Memory Effect
• Super-Elasticity
Crystalline Structures
Ni/Ti Alloys are Stable in One of the
Following Two Structures

• Austenite
• Martensite
Transformation Temperature
A Temperature That Activates the
Transformation of Austenite Phase
to Martensite or Vise Versa

As, Af, Ms, Mf, are the Designations Used

to Indicate These Phase Changes
 Heat Treatment
A Process that Creates the Desired
(Arch) Shape and Also the Shape-
Memory or Super-Elastic Properties
in Ni/Ti Based Alloys
Shape Memory Effect
(HEAT SENSITIVE WIRES)
Transformation of Ni/Ti Based Alloys
from Austenite to Martensite Due to a
Change in Temperature and its
Recovery to Austenite is Called
Shape Memory Effect
 Phase Transformation
Temperature Induced Phase Transformation

TTR
Load

Austinetic

TTR

Martinsetic
Deflection
 SUPER ELASTICITY

• Ability of a Material to Recover to Its

Original Shape After a Significant
Deformation Beyond Its Limit of
Proportionality
• Ni/Ti Alloys in Austenitic Phase
Exhibit Super Elastic Characteristics
 Phase Transformation
Stress Induced Phase Transformation

Austinetic  Martinsetic
Martinsetic
Load

Austinetic

Austinetic  Martinsetic

Austinetic

TTR

Deflection
TI NI CU ( COPPER NITI)
CU/NI/TI VS. COMPETITION

• Cu/Ni/Ti is Consistent
• Low Loading Forces
• High Unloading Forces
• Low hysteresis
• More Resilient
 Effect of Af Temperature on Strength of
Ni/Ti & Cu/Ni/Ti Wires
2100

1750 Cu / Ni / Ti 40
Cu / Ni / Ti 35
1400 Cu / Ni / Ti 27
Ni / Ti
1050

700

350

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Temperature, °C
 Loading & Unloading forces of Cu/Ni/Ti 35°
at Various Temperatures
92.2

22°C Loading
73.8 22°C Unloading
35°C Loading
Bending Moment, gmm

35°C Unloading

55.4

Unloading Force During Treatment

36.9

18.5
Loading Force During Ligation

0 20 40 60 80 100

Angle of Delection, Degrees

REGULAR NITI COPPER NITI
1/3 Less friction

Wire to Wire Consistency

Wire to Wire Consistency
Transformation temp
Transformation temp
+ / -- 5 degrees
+ /-- 2 degrees (Af)
Wider Hysteresis
Reduced Hysteresis
 Bending Test, 19 x 25 Wires
at Body Temperature
1000
Stainless Steel
TMA
Bending Moment (g cm)

Ni/Ti
800

600

400

200

0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Deflection Angle (deg)

THANK YOU