THE CONSTITUTION OF

THE JAPANESE-
SPONSORED
• The constitution consisted of a preamble and
twelve articles.
• It was writen in two langauge
• The consitution provided for a “Republic of the
philippines with tripartie powers (president),
legislative (National Assembly), and Judicial
(supreme court and lowercourts)
BIRTH OF THE JAPANESE-
SPONSORED REPUBLIC
• After the "ratifica-" of the constitution, the KALIBAPI
prepared the ground for theestablishment of the Republic.
On September 20, 1943, various KALI-BAPI conventions were
held throughout the country, and "elected"half of the 108
members of the National Assembly established by thenew
constitution; the other half being the provincial governors
andcity mayors.
• On September 22 the National Assembly met in
inauguralsession at the Legislative Building, Manila. The
Speaker was BenignoS. Aquino, Director-General of the
KALIBAPI. The lone womanmember of the National Assembly
was Mrs. Elisa R. Ochoa of Agusan.The greatest achievement
of the National Assembly during theinaugural session was
the "election" by its members of Dr. Laurel as President of
the Republic of the Philippines.
•On October 14, 1943, the new Republic
(Second Philippine Repub-lic) was
inaugurated amid solemn ceremonies held
in front of theLegislative Building.
FOREIGN RELATION OF THE
REPUBLIC
• The new "MadeRepublic was recognized by
Franco's Spain and by the Aand their satellite
states - Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy(Nanking
Government), Manchukuo, Croatia, Slovakia
Hungary, Burma, Thailand, and also by the
Vatican.
• A Japanese Embassy was established in Manila
under Amhdor Syozo Murata, former highest
adviser of the Japanese Im Forces in the
Philippines. In turn, the Republic opened a
PhilipEmbassy in Tokyo under Ambassador Jorge
B. Vargas.
GOVERMENT CHANGES UNDER
THE REPUBLIC
•Under the new Republic, the Ministries
were established, replacing the
Departmentof the defunct Philippine
Executive Commission. Each Ministry
wasunder a Minister, assisted by a Vice-
Minister. New bureaus, boards,and
other offices were created.
THE REAL COLLABORATORS
• The Collaborators, representing a very small minority of the
population,were the ignorant and fanatical Japanophiles
(pro-Japanese), namely,the Ganaps, the Palaaks, the United
Nippon, the Pampars, and the MAKAPILIS.The Ganaps were
formerly the pro-Japanese Sakdalistas, headedby the
frustrated Tagalog writer-demagogue, Benigno Ramos,
thefounder of the Sakdal Party. It should be recalled that the
Sakdalistashad risen in arms against the Philippine
government in 1936 in Laguna and Bulacan Provinces, but
they were suppressed by the Constabularytroops. The
Ganaps served as informers and spies for the
Japanesemilitary authorities. They squealed on the guerrillas
and their sup-porters, who were thus arrested, tortured and
later imprisoned orexecuted.
THE MAKAPILI's
• The worst collaborators were the note MAKAPILIS
who were members of the fanatical pro-lan
organization called Makabayan: Katipunan ng mga
Filipino (PanSociety of Filipinos), which was headed by
General Artemio Rica Benigno Ramos, and Pio Duran,
three leading Filipino Japanophila
• This huge politico-military organization was sponsored
by the Japanese military authorities, who were irked
by the non-cooperative attitude of President Laurel,
Recto, Osias, Vargas, Yulo, and other ranking officials
of the Philippine Republic. As a matter of fact, they
distrusted the loyalty of these officials to Japan.
THE REPUBLIC IN CRISIS
• By August 1944, the situation of the Japanese-made
Philippine Republic became critical. Its existence depended
on the might of Japanese arms. Inasmuch as the tide of war
was definitely turning against Japan, it was doomed.
MacArthur was winning his battles in the jungle islands of
the Southwest Pacific andwas leapfrogging his way towards
the Philippines.
• Since August 9, American bombers began their devastating
raidson Japanese military installations in Mindanao, Visayas,
and Greater Manila, paving the way for the coming of
MacArthur and his libera-tion forces to the Philippines.
Realizing the impending arrival of Mac Arthur's mighty
forces, the Japanese military authorities strength-ened their
defenses, while the Filipino guerrillas intensified their
attackson the enemy.
THE COMMONWEALTH IN
EXILE
• Meanwhile, as the Filipino people agonized under the
Japanese occupation of their land, the government of the
Commonwealth-in-Exile was functioning in Wash-gton, D.C.,
with Ouezon as President and Osmeña as Vice-
President.should be recalled that President Quezon
accompanied by hisw y, Vice-President Osmeña, and the War
Cabinet, had successfully caped from Corregidor on the night
of Febraury 20, 1942 and entually reached the United States,
where he was welcomed by President F.D. Roosevelt.
• erxisted from May 13, 1942 tober 3, 1944. On June 14, 1942,
it became a member of the wartimelon of Allied countries
called the "United Nations" (not theUnited Nations
Organization). By virtue of its memberod Nations", it
assumed the rights and privileges or
THE RESTORATION OF THE
COMMONWEALTH
• From August to10.3. the tide of war decidedly turned
in favor of the UnitedAmerican planes began to bomb
targets in the Philippines. On. 1044, the main attack
force of 174,000) American troops,van armada of 700
warships, landed at Leyte. After the firstMarine troops
had made a beachhead, General MacArthurashore, at
Red Heach near Palo, Leyte, accompanied byat
Omena, General Carlos P. Romulo and General BasilioI
have returned. MacArthur told the jubilant Filipino
nation.On October 23, the Commonwealth
Government was declaredd. with Tacloban as the
temporary capital.
JAPAN’S COLLAPSE IN LEYTE
• The liberation forces of General MacArthur
encountered stubborn resistance in Leyte. Lt.
Gen.Tomoyuki Yamashita rushed reinforcements
to Leyte by ships and by planes. The Americans,
using new carbines, flame-throwers, am-phibian
tanks, and faster fighter planes, smashed the
enemy at all sectors of the island. In fanatical
desperation, Japanese suicide pilotsknown as
kamikaze crashed their planes on the American
transportsand warships at Leyte Gulf.