ALKENES

ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
-also known as olefins, are organic
compounds that consist of carbon
and hydrogen atoms with one or
more carbon-carbon double bonds in
their chemical structure. Alkenes are
unsaturated hydrocarbons.
They are hydrocarbons because
they are made of only carbon and
hydrogen atoms, and they are
unsaturated because they have one
or more double bonds in their
chemical structure.
Rules in naming Alkenes

• The -ene suffix (ending) indicates an

alkene or cycloalkene.
• The longest chain chosen for the root
name must include both carbon atoms of
the double bond.
• The root chain must be numbered
from the end nearest a double bond
carbon atom. If the double bond is
in the center of the chain, the
nearest substituent rule is used to
determine the end where
numbering starts.
• The smaller of the two numbers
designating the carbon atoms of the
double bond is used as the double bond
locator. If more than one double bond is
present the compound is named as a
diene, triene or equivalent prefix indicating
the number of double bonds, and each
double bond is assigned a locator number.
 Compounds AlkENEs SUFFIX -ene
Methene Ethene
Propene Butene
Pentene Hexene
Heptene Octene
Nonene Decene
USING COMMON NAME

The prefix iso-, which stands for isomer, is

commonly given to 2-methyl alkanes. In other
words, if there is methyl group located on the
second carbon of a carbon chain, we can use the
prefix iso-. The prefix will be placed in front of the
alkane name that indicates the total number of
carbons.
To assign the prefixes sec-, which stands for
secondary, and tert-, for tertiary, it is important
that we first learn how to classify carbon
molecules. If a carbon is attached to only one other
carbon, it is called a primary carbon. If a carbon is
attached to two other carbons, it is called a
seconday carbon. A tertiary carbon is attached to
three other carbons and last, a quaternary carbon
is attached to four other carbons.
isoprene = 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene
isobutene = 2-methylpropene
 CIS AND TRANS ISOMERS
FORMS OF AN ALKENE THAT HAVE THE SAME
STRUCTURE EXCEPT FOR THE ORIENTATION OF
THE COMPONENTS AROUND THE DOUBLE
BOND.

“CIS” FROM THE LATIN WORD MEANS ON THE

SAME SIDE . (large group)
“TRANS” MEANS ACCROSS. (large group)
ISOMERS - TWO OR MORE
COMPOUNDS WITH THE SAME
FORMULA BUT A DIFFERENT
ARRANGEMENT OF ATOM IN A
MOLECULE.
BUT CIS TO TRANS
CAN'T BE SWITCHED
IUPAC MF CF
ethene C2H4 CH2=CH2
propene C3H6 CH2=CHCH3
1-butene C4H8 CH2=CHCH2CH3
1-pentene C5H10 CH2=CH(CH2)2CH3
1-hexene C6H12 CH2=CH(CH2)3CH3
1-heptene C7H14 CH2=CH(CH2)4CH3
1-octene C8H16 CH2=CH(CH2)5CH3
 GENERAL FORMULA OF
ALKENE MOLECULES
CnH2n - alkene
CnH2n-2 - cycloalkene
CnH2n-4 - 2 Double bonds cycloalkene
CnHn - 3 Double bonds alkene cycloalkene
USES OF ALKENES
Ethene is the most important organic chemical,
by tonnage, that is manufactured. It is the
building block for a vast range of chemicals
from plastics to antifreeze solutions and
solvents.
Propene is also used for the
production of important chemicals
such as propylene oxide,
acrylonitrile, cumene,
butyraldehyde, and acrylic acid.
QUIZ
Identification

1. 4.

2. 5.

3.
Draw the line structure of the ff.

1. 5-Ethyl-3-Hexene
2. 1-Ethylcyclohexatriene
3. cis-2-pentene
4. trans-2-pentene
5. 3-Methylcyclohexdiene