RAGHU ENGINEERING COLLEGE

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
Case study on
DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

PRESENTED BY:
UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF T.V.PREETAM RAJ (18981A04H3)
MR P.RAJESH T. GOUTHAM KRISHNA (18981A04H4)
T. POOJA SHARMILA (18981A04H5)
T.AMITH RAJ (18981A04H6)
P.VIVEK (19985A0434)
CONTENTS:
1. PROBLEM
2. ABOUT LOGIC GATES
3. FULL SUBTRACTOR
4. SOLUTION TO THE PROBLEM
a) TRUTH TABLE
b) K-MAPS
c) BOOLEAN ALGEBRA
d) CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
e) INPUT /OUPUT WAVE FORMS
5. DELAY ANALYSIS
6. CONCLUSION
7. REFERENCES
PROBLEM:

DESIGN THE CIRCUIT FOR FULL SUBTRACTOR AND DO DELAY

ANALYSIS IN ALL POSSIBLE REALIZATIONS.
LOGIC GATES :
THE GATES WE USE IN THE FULL SUBTRACTOR ARE:
NOT GATE
AND GATE
OR GATE
XOR GATE
THE GATES ARE ARRANGED WITHTO 2 HALF SUBTRACTORS TO MAKE A
FULL SUBTRACTOR.

OR GATE AND GATE NOT GATE XOR GATE

FULL SUBTRACTOR:
A full subtractor is a combinational circuit that performs subtraction of two
bits, one is minuend and other is subtrahend, taking into account borrow of the
previous adjacent lower minuend bit. This circuit has three inputs and two
outputs. The three inputs A, B and Bin, denote the minuend, subtrahend, and
previous borrow, respectively. The two outputs, D and Bout represent the
difference and output borrow, respectively.
TRUTH TABLE :
INPUTS OUTPUT

A B Bin DIFFERENCE BORROW

0 0 0 0 0

0 0 1 1 1

0 1 0 1 1

0 1 1 0 1

1 0 0 1 0

1 0 1 0 0

1 1 0 0 0

1 1 1 1 1
K-MAPS :
K-MAPS FOR THE ABOVE TRUTH TABLE
BOOLEAN ALGEBRA:
EXPRESSION FOR DIFFERENCE –
D = A’B’Bin + A’BBin’ + AB’Bin’ + ABBin
= Bin(A’B’ + AB) + Bin’(AB’ + A’B)
= Bin( A XNOR B) + Bin’(A XOR B)
= Bin (A XOR B)’ + Bin’(A XOR B)
= Bin XOR (A XOR B) = (A XOR B) XOR Bin

EXPRESSION FOR BORROW –

B OUT = A’B’Bin + A’BBin’ + A’BBin + ABBin
= A’B’Bin +A’BBin’ + A’BBin + A’BBin + A’BBin + ABBin
= A’Bin(B + B’) + A’B(Bin + Bin’) + BBin(A + A’)
= A’Bin + A’B + BBin
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
INPUT WAVE FORMS :
OUTPUT WAVE FORM:
DELAY ANALYSIS:
THE FULL SUBTRACTOR IS MADE BY USING TWO HALF SUBTRACTOR’S.
FULL SUBTRACTOR IS A COMBINATIONAL CIRCUIT.
IT ALSO TAKES INTO CONSIDERATION BORROW OF THE LOWER
SIGNIFICANT STAGE.
THUS, FULL SUBTRACTOR HAS THE ABILITY TO PERFORM THE
SUBTRACTION OF THREE BITS.
THE BORROW GRAPH CANNOT BE PLOTED AS THE BORROW IS
NEEDED FROM ANOTHER SOURCE.
IT REQUIRES 2 XOR GATES, 2 AND GATES, 2 NOT GATES AND
1 OR GATE TO COMPLETE THE CIRCUIT.
CONCLUSION :
These are generally employed for ALU (Arithmetic logic unit) in
computers to subtract as CPU & GPU for the applications of graphics to
decrease the circuit difficulty.
Subtractors are mostly used for performing arithmetical functions like
subtraction, in electronic calculators as well as digital devices.
These are also applicable for different microcontrollers for arithmetic
subtraction, timers, and program counter (PC)
Subtractors are used in processors to compute tables, address, etc.
It is also useful for DSP and networking based systems.
REFERENCES:
https://www.gatevidyalay.com/full-subtractor/
https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/digital-logic-full-subtractor/
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305648408_Design_Analysis_of_Full_Subtra
ctor_using_10T_at_45nm_Technology
https://circuitdigest.com/tutorial/full-subtractor-circuit-and-its-construction
https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/combination/binary-subtractor.html
http://www.eeeguide.com/full-subtractor/
https://www.electronics-tutorial.net/combinational-logic-circuits/full-subtractor/
THANK YOU