Mitscherlich

Equation
Group 3
Gesiel S. Lazaga
April Joy Nullar
John Lord Cajala
Aladin Camacho
What is mitscherlich
equation?

 The classical Mitscherlich equation is based on

Liebig's Law of the Minimum and describes the
yield response of a crop to an increase in the
main factor that is limiting growth. A theoretical
framework for the application of theMitscherlich
equation to rainfed crop production is presented.
The purpose of this paper
is to;
 Provide some background on the Mitscherlich
equation
 Present the derivation of amodified from of
equation
 Discribe a computer program to assist in
farmiliarizing student with the equation
 Generate the mitcherlich equation to more than
one independent variable
 Pressent a computer program for the use of
student in studying multifactor equation
Nitrogen, Phosphorus,
Potassium, and Sulfur
economic soil
Nitrogen economy of soils

 Nitrogen fertilizer is an expensive but often

necessary input in agricultural systems.
Clearly, soil processes are central to the
global nitrogen cycle. The ecological, financial,
and environmental stakes for the management
of soil nitrogen are very high, indeed.
Phosphorus economy of
soil
 Phosphorus management and nutrition has
both economic and environmental
implications.Phosphorus exists in soils in organic
and inorganic forms. Organic forms of P are found
in humus and other organic material. ... The
process is most rapid in warm, well-drained soils.
Potassium economy of
soils
 Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient for plant
growth. It's classified as a macronutrient because
plants take up large quantities of K during their life
cycle. Minnesota soils can supply some K for crop
production, but when the supply from the soil isn't
adequate, a fertilizer program must supply the K.
Sulfur economy of soils

 Soil bacteria change the sulfur to sulfuric acid,

lowering the soil pH. If the soil pH is greater than
5.5, apply elemental sulfur (S) to decrease
the soil pH to 4.5 (see Table 1). Spring application
and incorporation work best. Soil bacteria convert
the sulfur to sulfuric acid lowering the soil pH.
Micronutrients
Are essential for plant growth and play an important role in
balanced crop nutrition. They include Boron (B), Copper (Cu),
Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Molybdenum (Mo), Zinc (Zn), Nickel
(Ni), and Chloride (Cl). They are as important to plant nutrition
as primary and secondary macronutrients, though plants don’t
require as much of them. A lack of anyone of the micronutrients
in the soil can limit growth, even when all other nutrients are
present in adequate amounts.
 Micronutrient Nutrition

Through increase use of soil testing and plant

analyses, micronutrient deficiencies have been
verified in may soils. Some reasons limiting the
incidental additons of micronutrients include:
 High-yield crop demand remove micronutrient
from the soil
 Increase of use high-analysis NPK fertilizers
containing lower quantities of micronutrient
contaminants
 Advances in fertilizer technology reduce the
residual addition of micronutrients
 This factors contribute to the significant
increase in usage of and need for
micronutrients in order to achieve full
balance nutritions.

Boron
Boron (B) exist primarily in soil solutions as
the BO3-3 anion – the form commonly
taken up by plants. One of the most
important micronutrients affecting
membrane stability, B supports the
structural and functional integrity of plant
cell membranes. Boron-deficiency
symptoms first appear at the growing
points, and certaion soil types are more
prone to boron deficiencies.
Copper
Copper (Cu) activates enzymes and catalyzes reactions in
several plants-growth processes. The presence of copper is
closely linked to Vitamin A production, and it helps ensure
successful protein synthesis.

Iron
Iron (Fe) is essential for crop growth and food production.
Plants take up Fe as the ferrous (Fe2plus) cation. Iron is a
component of many enzymes associated with energy transfer,
nitrogen reduction and fixation, and lignin formation.
Manganese
Manganese(Mn) functions primarily as part of enzymes
systems in plants. It activates several important metabolic
reactions and plays a direct role in photosynthesis.
Manganese accelerates germination in maturity while
increasing the availability of phosphorus(P) and Calcium(Ca).

Molybdenum
Molybdenum(Mo) is a trace elements found in the soil,
and is required for the synthesis and activity of the enzymes
nitrate reductase. Molybdenum is vital for the process of
symbiotic nitrogen(N) fixation by rhizobia bacteria in legume
root modules.
Zinc
Zinc(Zn) is taken up by plants as the divalent Zn plus 2
cation. It was one of the first micronutrients recognized as
essential for plants and the one most commonly limiting yields.
Although Zn is required only in small amount, high yield are
impossible without it.

Chlorine
Plants take up chlorine(Cl) as the chloride (Cl-) anion. Its
active in energy reactions in the plants. Most Cl- in soils comes
from salt trapped in parent materials, marine aerosols and
volcanic emissions. Classified as micronutrient, Cl- is required
by all plants in small quantities.
Nickel
Nickel (Ni) was added to the list of essential plant nutrients
late in the 20th century. Nickel is important in plant N
metabolism because it is a component of the urease enzyme.
With the presence of Ni, Urea conversion is impossible. It is
required in very small amounts, with the critical level
appearing to be about 1.1 ppm.
Soil Fertility Decline

 Soil Fertility decline occurs when the quantities of

nutrients removed from the soil in harvested
products exceed the quantities of nutrients being
applied.
 In this situation, the nutrient requirements of the
crop are met from soil reserves cannot meet crop
demands. This results in a reduction of plant
growth and yield.
 Contributing Factors
Nutrients may be removed from the soil by:
 Growing Crops
 Soil Erosion
 Leaching
 Nitrogen can also be lost from the soil as a gas by the
process of denitrification.
Effects

 Organic Matter plays a key role in maintaining soil

fertility. It holds nitrogen and sulfur in organic forms
and other essential nutrients such as potassium
and calcium.
 The loss of organic matter mainly occurs through
continuous cropping with stubble removal or
burning and is accelerated by frequent tillage.
 The usual management response to nutrient
removal or loss is to apply fertilizer.
Causes of Soil Fertility
Decline
 Loss of top soil by erosion.
 Nutrient mining.
 Physical degradation of soil.
 Decrease in organic matter and soil bioactivity.
 Soil acidification, salinization and alkalinization.
 Loss of nutrients through various routes.
 Inefficient soil management.
 Soil pollution
End of Presentation