2nd shift polytechnic

A.RANGAMPETA, CHANDRAGIRI
PRESENTATION
ON

PRESENTED BY

S.DINESH
ROLL NO 17291-EE-089
• NEED OF SUBSTATION
• LAYOUT OF 33/11KV SUBSTATION::NARAYANAVANAM
• DESCRIPSTION OF EQUPMENT IN SUBSTATION
• POWER TRANSFORMER
• MISCELLEIVIOUS EQUIPMENT IN SUBSTATION
• FAULTS AND FAILURES OF SUBSTATION
• ENEARGY CONSUPTION STATISTICS
• CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
• The purpose of a substation is to 'step down' high voltage
electricity from the transmission system to lower voltage
electricity so it can be easily supplied to homes and businesses
through our distribution lines.

• A substation is a part of an electrical generation, transmission,

and distribution system. Substations transform voltage from high
to low, or the reverse, or perform any of several other
important functions. Between the generating station and
consumer, electric power may flow through several substations
at different voltage levels
 • BUS BAR
• 33KV INCOMING LINE
• ISOLATER
• CIRCUIT BRAKER
• CURRENT TRANSFORMER
• POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER
A busbar (or bus bar) is a strip of metal used to conduct
electricity within an electrical substation, distribution
board, electric switchboard or other electrical equipment. A
busbar is usually a flat or hollow piece of copper, brass
or aluminium. It allows heat to be released quickly because of its
relatively large surface area.
An isolator is a device used for isolating a circuit or equipment
from a source of power. An isolator is a mechanical switching
device that, in the open position, allows for isolation of the input
and output of a device.
A circuit breaker is an automatically operated electrical switch
designed to protect an electrical circuit from damage caused by
excess current from an overload or short circuit. Its basic function is
to interrupt current flow after a fault is detected.
A current transformer (CT) is a type of transformer that is used to
reduce or multiply an alternating current (AC). It produces a
current in its secondary which is proportional to the current in its
primary.
 power transformer: A power transformer is a static
piece of apparatus with two or more windings which, by
electromagnetic induction, transforms a system of alternating
voltage and current into another system of voltage and current for
the purpose of transmitting electrical power .
 • TRANSFORMER CONECTIONS
• TAPPING OF TRANSFORMERS
• PARALLEL OPERATION AND LOAD SHARING
• TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
• RELAYS
• CIRCUIT BRAKERS
The effect of any overload is an increase of the temperature of
oil and windings of the transformer with a reduction of its life
time. The protection of a transformer against the overloads is
performed by a dedicated protection usually called thermal
overload relay. ... A high level to de-energize the transformer
 The connection point along the transformer winding to select the
suitable number of terms. By Tapping, you can get different turns
ratio and be able to control output & voltage regulation. Like,
from the figure 1,2,3,4 are tapping on primary & A,B,C,D are
tapping on the secondary.
 The Transformer is said to be in Parallel Operation when
their primary windings are connected to a common voltage supply,
and the secondary windings are connected to a common load. The
connection diagram of the parallel operation of a transformer is
shown in the figure
 The protection of a transformer against the overloads is
performed by a dedicated protection usually called thermal
overload relay. This type of protection simulates the temperature
of the transformer's windings. The simulation is based on the
measure of the current and on the thermal time constant of
the transformer
 A relay is a sensing element that is designed to sense any
abnormality occuring in transformer or is going to occur
in transformer . A relay is connected to the tripping circuit ( which
disconnects the transformer from the power circuit) .
 An electrical circuit breaker is a switching device which can be
operated manually and automatically for controlling and
protecting an electrical power system. ... This
was the basic definition of circuit breaker
• STATION TRANSFORMER
• CAPACITOR BANK
• BATTERS
• EARTHING SYSTEM
• BUS COUPLERS
 The Station Transformers are employed to supply auxillary
loads to the power plant for starting the plant when generating
unit is not in operation . There transformers are connected to the
switchyard bus. LV side of the station transformer is connected to
the auxiliary buses.
 A Capacitor Bank is a group of several capacitors of the
same rating that are connected in series or parallel with each
other to store electrical energy . The resulting bank is then used to
counteract or correct a power factor lag or phase shift in an
alternating current (AC) power supply
A battery is a primary component of a substation or switchyard
DC control system. The function of the control system is to supply
control power to operate critical devices such as protective relays,
alarms and status indicators, supervisory and communications
equipment, and switchgear operating circuits
• he substation earthing system comprises of a grid (earth mat)
formed by a horizontal buried conductors. ... Ensure safety to
personnel in substations against electrical shocks. Provide
the ground connection for connecting the neutrals of stat
connected transformer winding to earth
 Bus coupler is a device which is used to couple one bus to the
other without any interruption in power supply and without
creating hazardous arcs. Bus coupler is a breaker used to couple
two busbars in order to perform maintenance on other circuit
breakers associated with that busbar