Introducing SigmaXL Version 7 - Aug 13 2014

Introducing SigmaXL®
Version 7
 Powerful.
 User-Friendly.
 Cost-Effective. Priced at $249, SigmaXL is a fraction
of the cost of any major statistical product, yet it has
all the functionality most professionals need.
 Quantity, Educational, and Training discounts are
available.
 Visit www.SigmaXL.com or call
1-888-SigmaXL (1-888-744-6295) for more
information.
What’s New in SigmaXL Version 7
SigmaXL has added some exciting, new and

unique features:
 “Traffic Light” Automatic Assumptions
Check for T-tests and ANOVA
 A text report with color
highlight gives the status of
assumptions: Green (OK),
Yellow (Warning) and Red
(Serious Violation).
 Normality, Robustness,
Outliers, Randomness and
Equal Variance are
considered.
3
 “Traffic Light” Attribute Measurement

Systems Analysis: Binary, Ordinal and
Nominal
 A Kappa color highlight is used to aid interpretation: Green (> .9),
Yellow (.7-.9) and Red (< .7) for Binary and Nominal.
 Kendall coefficients are highlighted for Ordinal.
 A new Effectiveness Report treats each appraisal trial as an
opportunity, rather than require agreement across all trials.
4
 Automatic Normality Check for Pearson

Correlation
 A yellow highlight is used to recommend significant Pearson or
Spearman correlations.
 A bivariate normality test is utilized and Pearson is highlighted if
the data are bivariate normal, otherwise Spearman is highlighted.
5
 Small Sample Exact Statistics for One-Way

Chi-Square, Two-Way (Contingency) Table
and Nonparametric Tests
 Exact statistics are appropriate when the sample size is
too small for a Chi-Square or Normal approximation to
be valid.
 For example, a contingency table where more than 20%

of the cells have an expected count less than 5.
 Exact statistics are typically available only in advanced

and expensive software packages!
6
Why SigmaXL?
 Measure, Analyze, and Control your
Manufacturing, Service, or Transactional
Process.
 An add-in to the already familiar Microsoft
Excel, making it a great tool for Lean Six
Sigma training. Used by Motorola University
and other leading consultants.
 SigmaXL is rapidly becoming the tool of
choice for Quality and Business
Professionals.
What’s Unique to
SigmaXL?
 User-friendly Design of Experiments with “view

power analysis as you design”.
 Measurement Systems Analysis with Confidence
Intervals.
 Two-sample comparison test - automatically tests for
normality, equal variance, means, and medians, and
provides a rules-based yellow highlight to aid the
user in interpretation of the output.
 Low p-values are highlighted in red indicating that
results are significant.
What’s Unique to
SigmaXL?
 Template: Minimum Sample Size for Robust
Hypothesis Testing
 It is well known that the central limit theorem enables the t-Test
and ANOVA to be fairly robust to the assumption of normality.
 A question that invariably arises is, “How large does the sample
size have to be?”
 A popular rule of thumb answer for the one sample t-Test is
“n = 30.” While this rule of thumb often does work well, the sample
size may be too large or too small depending on the degree of
non-normality as measured by the Skewness and Kurtosis.
 Furthermore it is not applicable to a One Sided t-Test, 2 Sample t-
Test or One Way ANOVA.
 To address this issue, we have developed a unique template that
gives a minimum sample size needed for a hypothesis test to be
robust.
What’s Unique to
SigmaXL?
 Powerful Excel Worksheet Manager

 List all open Excel workbooks
 Display all worksheets and chart sheets in selected workbook
 Quickly select worksheet or chart sheet of interest
 Process Capability and Control Charts for Nonnormal data

 Best fit automatically selects the best distribution or transformation!
 Nonnormal Process Capability Indices include Pp, Ppk, Cp, and Cpk
 Box-Cox Transformation with Threshold so that data with zero or
negative values can be transformed!
Recall Last Dialog
 Recall SigmaXL Dialog

 This will activate the last data worksheet and recall
the last dialog, making it very easy to do repetitive
analysis.
 Activate Last Worksheet

 This will activate the last data worksheet used
without recalling the dialog.
Worksheet Manager
 List all open Excel

workbooks
 Display all worksheets
and chart sheets in
selected workbook
 Quickly select
worksheet or chart
sheet of interest
Data Manipulation
 Subset by Category, Number, or Date

 Random Subset
 Stack and Unstack Columns
 Stack Subgroups Across Rows
 Standardize Data
 Random Number Generators
 Normal, Uniform (Continuous & Integer),
Lognormal, Exponential, Weibull and Triangular.
 Box-Cox Transformation
Templates & Calculators
 DMAIC & DFSS Templates:
 Team/Project Charter
 SIPOC Diagram
 Flowchart Toolbar
 Data Measurement Plan
 Cause & Effect (Fishbone) Diagram and Quick
Template
 Cause & Effect (XY) Matrix
 Failure Mode & Effects Analysis (FMEA)
 Quality Function Deployment (QFD)
 Pugh Concept Selection Matrix
 Control Plan
 Lean Templates:
 Takt Time Calculator
 Value Analysis/Process Load Balance
 Value Stream Mapping
 Basic Graphical Templates:

 Pareto Chart
 Histogram
 Run Chart
 Basic Statistical Templates:
 Sample Size – Discrete and Continuous
 Minimum Sample Size for Robust t-Tests and ANOVA
 1 Sample t-Test and Confidence Interval for Mean
 2 Sample t-Test and Confidence Interval (Compare 2
Means) with option for equal and unequal variance
 1 Sample Chi-Square Test and CI for Standard Deviation
 2 Sample F-Test and CI (Compare 2 Standard Deviations)
 1 Proportion Test and Confidence Interval
 2 Proportions Test and Confidence Interval
 Basic Statistical Templates:
 1 Poisson Rate Test and Confidence Interval
 2 Poisson Rates Test and Confidence Interval
 One-Way Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
 One-Way Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test - Exact
 Probability Distribution Calculators:

 Normal, Lognormal, Exponential, Weibull
 Binomial, Poisson, Hypergeometric
 Basic MSA Templates:
 Gage R&R Study – with Multi-Vari Analysis
 Attribute Gage R&R (Attribute Agreement Analysis)
 Basic Process Capability Templates:

 Process Sigma Level – Discrete and Continuous
 Process Capability & Confidence Intervals
 Basic DOE Templates:

 2 to 5 Factors
 2-Level Full and Fractional-Factorial designs
 Main Effects & Interaction Plots
 Basic Control Chart Templates:

 Individuals
 C-Chart
Templates & Calculators:
Cause & Effect Diagram
Quality Function
Deployment (QFD)
Pugh Concept Selection
Matrix
Lean Takt Time Calculator
Value Analysis/
Process Load Balance Chart
Value Stream Mapping
Pareto Chart Quick Template
Pareto Chart
100 100%
90 90%
80 80%
70 70%
60 60%
Count
50 50%
40 40%
30 30%
20 20%
10 10%
0 0%
ls r g or le
al de on l ab
-c or o-
l co il
rn o- -to g- va
tu l t-t s ro
n
t-a
Re ffi
cu ke W No
Di - ta
d er
r
O
Category
Failure Mode & Effects
Analysis (FMEA)
Cause & Effect (XY)
Matrix
Sample Size Calculators
Minimum Sample Size for
Robust Hypothesis Testing
Process Sigma Level –
Discrete
Process Sigma Level –
Continuous
2 Proportions Test and
Confidence Interval
Normal Distribution
Probability Calculator
Graphical Tools
 Basic and Advanced (Multiple) Pareto Charts
 EZ-Pivot/Pivot Charts
 Run Charts (with Nonparametric Runs Test allowing
you to test for Clustering, Mixtures, Lack of
Randomness, Trends and Oscillation.)
 Basic Histogram
 Multiple Histograms and Descriptive Statistics
(includes Confidence Interval for Mean and StDev.,
as well as Anderson-Darling Normality Test)
 Multiple Histograms and Process Capability
(Pp, Ppk, Cpm, ppm, %)
Graphical Tools
 Multiple Boxplots and Dotplots
 Multiple Normal Probability Plots (with 95%
confidence intervals to ease interpretation of
normality/non-normality)
 Multi-Vari Charts
 Scatter Plots (with linear regression and
optional 95% confidence intervals and
prediction intervals)
 Scatter Plot Matrix
Graphical Tools:
Multiple Pareto Charts
100% 100%
14 14
90% 90%
12 80% 12 80%
10 70% 10 70%
60% 60%
Count
Count
8 8
50% 50%
6 40% 6 40%
4 30% 4 30%
20% 20%
2 10% 2 10%
0 0% 0 0%
Difficult-
Difficult-
available
available
Return-
Return-
too-long
too-long
to-order
Wrong-
to-order
Wrong-
Order-
Order-
takes-
takes-
color
color
calls
calls
Not-
Not-
Customer Type - Customer Type: # 1 - Size of Customer: Customer Type - Customer Type: # 2 - Size of Customer:
Large Large
100% 100%
14 14
90% 90%
12 80% 12 80%
10 70% 10 70%
60% 60%
Count
Count
8 8
50% 50%
6 40% 6 40%
4 30% 4 30%
20% 20%
2 10% 2 10%
0 0% 0 0%
Difficult-
Difficult-
available
available
Return-
Return-
too-long
too-long
to-order
Wrong-
to-order
Wrong-
Order-
Order-
takes-
takes-
color
color
calls
calls
Not-
Not-
Customer Type - Customer Type: # 1 - Size of Customer: Customer Type - Customer Type: # 2 - Size of Customer:
Small Small
Graphical Tools: EZ-Pivot/Pivot
Charts – The power of Excel’s
Pivot Table and Charts are now
easy to use!
Size of Customer (All)
Count of Major-Complaint
70
60
50
40 Customer Type
3
2
30 1
20
10
0
Difficult-to-order Not-available Order-takes-too-long Return-calls Wrong-color
Major-Complaint
Graphical Tools:
Multiple Histograms &
Descriptive Statistics
12
Overall Satisfaction - Customer Type: 1
10
Count = 31
Mean = 3.3935
8 Stdev = 0.824680
Range = 3.1
6
Minimum = 1.7200
4 25th Percentile (Q1) = 2.8100
50th Percentile (Median) = 3.5600
75th Percentile (Q3) = 4.0200
2 Maximum = 4.8
0 95% CI Mean = 3.09 to 3.7

1.72
1.99
2.26
2.54
2.81
3.08
3.35
3.62
3.90
4.17
4.44
4.71
4.98
95% CI Sigma = 0.659012 to 1.102328
Overall Satisfaction - Customer Type: 1 Anderson-Darling Normality Test:

A-Squared = 0.312776; P-value = 0.5306
12
Overall Satisfaction - Customer Type: 2
10 Count = 42
Mean = 4.2052
8 Stdev = 0.621200
Range = 2.6
6
Minimum = 2.4200
4 50th Percentile (Median) = 4.3400
2 Maximum = 4.98
95% CI Mean = 4.01 to 4.4

0
95% CI Sigma = 0.511126 to 0.792132
1.72
1.99
2.26
2.54
2.81
3.08
3.35
3.62
3.90
4.17
4.44
4.71
4.98
Overall Satisfaction - Customer Type: 2 Anderson-Darling Normality Test:

A-Squared = 0.826259; P-value = 0.0302
Graphical Tools:
Multiple Histograms &
Process Capability
Count = 725
Mean = 6.0036
Histogram and Process Capability Report Stdev (Overall) = 7.1616
Room Service Delivery Time: Before Improvement (Baseline) USL = 10; Target = 0; LSL = -10
Capability Indices using Overall Standard Deviation

LSL = -10 Target = 0 USL = 10
Pp = 0.47
Ppu = 0.19; Ppl = 0.74
160
Ppk = 0.19
Cpm = 0.36
140 Sigma Level = 2.02
120 Expected Overall Performance

ppm > USL = 288409.3
100 ppm < LSL = 12720.5
ppm Total = 301129.8
80 % > USL = 28.84%
% < LSL = 1.27%
60 % Total = 30.11%
40 Actual (Empirical) Performance

% > USL = 26.90%
% < LSL = 1.38%
20
% Total = 28.28%
0
Anderson-Darling Normality Test
Delivery Time Deviation A-Squared = 0.708616; P-value = 0.0641
Count = 725
Histogram and Process Capability Report Mean = 0.09732
Room Service Delivery Time: After Improvement Stdev (Overall) = 2.3856
USL = 10; Target = 0; LSL = -10
LSL = -10 Target = 0 USL = 10
Capability Indices using Overall Standard Deviation
160 Pp = 1.40
Ppu = 1.38; Ppl = 1.41
140 Ppk = 1.38
Cpm = 1.40
Sigma Level = 5.53
120
Expected Overall Performance
100 ppm > USL = 16.5
ppm < LSL = 11.5
80 ppm Total = 28.1
% > USL = 0.00%
% < LSL = 0.00%
60
% Total = 0.00%
40 Actual (Empirical) Performance

% > USL = 0.00%
20 % < LSL = 0.00%
% Total = 0.00%
0
Anderson-Darling Normality Test
Delivery Time Deviation A-Squared = 0.189932; P-value = 0.8991
Graphical Tools:
Multiple Boxplots
5 5
Overall Satisfaction
4 4
3 3
2 2
1 1
1 2 3 1 2 3
Customer Type - Size of Customer: Large Customer Type - Size of Customer: Small
Graphical Tools:
Run Charts with
Nonparametric Runs Test
67.40
Run Chart - Avg days Order to delivery time
62.40
57.40
52.40
Median: 49.00
47.40
42.40
37.40
32.40
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 101112 13141516 17181920 212223 24252627 282930 31323334 353637 38394041 42434445 464748 49505152 535455 56575859 606162 63646566 67686970 717273 74757677 787980 81828384 858687 88899091 92939495 969798 990 0
1
Graphical Tools:
Multiple Normal Probability
Plots
3 3
2 2
1 1
NSCORE
NSCORE
0 0
-1 -1
-2 -2
-3 -3
1 2 3 4 5 6 2.1 2.6 3.1 3.6 4.1 4.6 5.1 5.6 6.1
Overall Satisfaction - Customer Type: 1 Overall Satisfaction - Customer Type: 2
Graphical Tools:
Multi-Vari Charts
Overall Satisfaction (Mean
4.634 4.634 4.634 4.634
4.134 4.134 4.134 4.134

Options)
3.634 3.634 3.634 3.634
3.134 3.134 3.134 3.134
2.634 2.634 2.634 2.634
2.134 2.134 2.134 2.134
1.634 1.634 1.634 1.634

#1 #2 #3 #1 #2 #3 #1 #2 #3 #1 #2 #3
Customer Type - Size of Customer: Customer Type - Size of Customer: Small - Customer Type - Size of Customer: Large - Customer Type - Size of Customer: Small -
Large - Product Type: Consumer Product Type: Consumer Product Type: Manufacturer Product Type: Manufacturer
Standard Deviation
1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80

0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40
0.20 0.20 0.20 0.20
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

#1 #2 #3 #1 #2 #3 #1 #2 #3 #1 #2 #3
Customer Type - Size of Customer: Customer Type - Size of Customer: Small - Customer Type - Size of Customer: Large - Customer Type - Size of Customer: Small -
Large - Product Type: Consumer Product Type: Consumer Product Type: Manufacturer Product Type: Manufacturer
Graphical Tools:
Multiple Scatterplots with
Linear Regression
5.1
y = 0.5238x + 1.6066 5.1
2
y = 0.5639x + 1.822
4.6 R = 0.6864
R2 = 0.6994
4.6
4.1
3.6 4.1
3.1
3.6
2.6
3.1
2.1
2.6
1.6
1.1 2.1
1.01 1.51 2.01 2.51 3.01 3.51 4.01 4.51 1.88 2.38 2.88 3.38 3.88 4.38 4.88
Responsive to Calls - Customer Type: 1 Responsive to Calls - Customer Type: 2
Linear Regression with 95%

Confidence Interval and Prediction Interval
Graphical Tools:
Scatterplot Matrix
4.7200 4.7200 y = 0.64x + 1.4026 4.7200
y = 0.567x + 1.6103
R2 = 0.5556
R2 = 0.6827
y = 0.0555x + 3.6181
3.7200 3.7200 3.7200 R2 = 0.0059
2.7200 2.7200 2.7200
1.7200 1.7200 1.7200

1.0000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000 1.4000 2.4000 3.4000 4.4000 0.9600 1.9600 2.9600 3.9600 4.9600
Responsive to Calls Ease of Communications Staff Knowledge
y = 1.2041x - 0.7127
5.0000 R2 = 0.6827 5.0000 5.0000
y = 0.4743x + 2.0867
Responsive to Calls
Responsive to Calls
Responsive to Calls
R2 = 0.1437 y = 0.0893x + 3.57
4.0000 4.0000 4.0000
R2 = 0.0071
3.0000 3.0000 3.0000
2.0000 2.0000 2.0000
1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

1.7200 2.2200 2.7200 3.2200 3.7200 4.2200 4.7200 1.4000 2.4000 3.4000 4.4000 0.9600 1.9600 2.9600 3.9600 4.9600
Overall Satisfaction Ease of Communications Staff Knowledge

Ease of Communications
y = 0.8682x + 0.4478
R2 = 0.5556
4.4000 4.4000 y = 0.303x + 2.5773 4.4000
R2 = 0.1437 y = 0.0428x + 3.6071
R2 = 0.0026
3.4000 3.4000 3.4000
2.4000 2.4000 2.4000
1.4000 1.4000 1.4000

1.7200 2.2200 2.7200 3.2200 3.7200 4.2200 4.7200 1.0000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000 0.9600 1.9600 2.9600 3.9600 4.9600
Overall Satisfaction Responsive to Calls Staff Knowledge
4.9600 4.9600 4.9600

Staff Knowledge
Staff Knowledge
Staff Knowledge
3.9600 3.9600 3.9600

y = 0.1055x + 2.8965 y = 0.0799x + 2.9889 y = 0.0599x + 3.0732
R2 = 0.0059 R2 = 0.0071 R2 = 0.0026
2.9600 2.9600 2.9600
1.9600 1.9600 1.9600
0.9600 0.9600 0.9600

1.7200 2.2200 2.7200 3.2200 3.7200 4.2200 4.7200 1.0000 2.0000 3.0000 4.0000 5.0000 1.4000 2.4000 3.4000 4.4000
Overall Satisfaction Responsive to Calls Ease of Communications

Statistical Tools
 P-values turn red when results are significant (p-
value < alpha)
 Descriptive Statistics including Anderson-Darling
Normality test, Skewness and Kurtosis with p-
values
 1 Sample t-test and confidence intervals
 Optional Assumptions Report
 Paired t-test, 2 Sample t-test
Statistical Tools
 2 Sample Comparison Tests
 Normality, Mean, Variance, Median
 Yellow Highlight to aid Interpretation
 One-Way ANOVA and Means Matrix

 Two-Way ANOVA
 Balanced and Unbalanced
Statistical Tools
 Equal Variance Tests:
 Bartlett
 Levene
 Welch’s ANOVA (with optional assumptions report)
 Correlation Matrix
 Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient
 Spearman’s Rank
 Yellow highlight to recommend Pearson or
Spearman based on bivariate normality test
Statistical Tools
 Multiple Linear Regression
 Binary and Ordinal Logistic Regression
 Chi-Square Test (Stacked Column data

and Two-Way Table data)
 Chi-Square – Fisher’s Exact and Monte

Carlo Exact
Statistical Tools
 Nonparametric Tests
 Nonparametric Tests – Exact and Monte

Carlo Exact
 Power and Sample Size Calculators
 Power and Sample Size Charts

Statistical Tools:
Two-Sample Comparison
Tests
P-values turn red

when results are
significant!
Rules based
yellow highlight to
aid interpretation!
Statistical Tools: One-Way
ANOVA & Means Matrix
4.48
4.28
4.08
Mean/CI - Overall Satisfaction

3.88
3.68
3.48
3.28
3.08
1 2 3
Customer Type
Statistical Tools: One-Way
ANOVA & Means Matrix
Statistical Tools:
Correlation Matrix
Statistical Tools:
Multiple Linear Regression
 Accepts continuous and/or categorical (discrete)
predictors.
 Categorical Predictors are coded with a 0,1 scheme
making the interpretation easier than the -1,0,1
scheme used by competitive products.
 Interactive Predicted Response Calculator with

95% Confidence Interval and 95% Prediction
Interval.
Statistical Tools:
Multiple Linear Regression
 Residual plots: histogram, normal probability plot,
residuals vs. time, residuals vs. predicted and residuals
vs. X factors
 Residual types include Regular, Standardized,
Studentized
 Cook's Distance (Influence), Leverage and DFITS
 Highlight of significant outliers in residuals
 Durbin-Watson Test for Autocorrelation in Residuals with
p-value
 Pure Error and Lack-of-fit report
 Collinearity Variance Inflation Factor (VIF) and Tolerance
report
 Fit Intercept is optional
Statistical Tools:
Multiple Regression
Multiple Regression accepts Continuous and/or

Categorical Predictors!
Statistical Tools:
Multiple Regression
Durbin-Watson Test with p-values

for positive and negative
autocorrelation!
Statistical Tools: Multiple
Regression – Predicted
Response Calculator with
Confidence Intervals
Easy-to-use Calculator with

Confidence Intervals and Prediction Intervals!
Regular Residuals Frequency
-0
.8
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
8
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
0
-0
.7
1
-0
.5
20 4
-0
.3
7
-0
.1
40 9
-0
.0
2
0.
60 15
0.
32
Regular Residuals
Observation Order
0.
80 50
0.
67
10 0.
84
0
1.
01
12 1.
0 19
Regular Residuals NSCORE

-0
.9
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
0.
0
-1
-0.5
0
0.5
1
1.5
00
20
.0
0
-0
.4
0
Residual Plots
40
.0
0
Statistical Tools:
0.
10
60
.0
0
Residuals
Fitted Values
80
.0
0
0.
60
10
0.
00
Multiple Regression with
1.
10
12
0.
00
Statistical Tools:
Binary and Ordinal
Logistic Regression
 Powerful and user-friendly logistic regression.
 Report includes a calculator to predict the response
event probability for a given set of input X values.
 Categorical (discrete) predictors can be included in the
model in addition to continuous predictors.
 Model summary and goodness of fit tests including
Likelihood Ratio Chi-Square, Pseudo R-Square, Pearson
Residuals Chi-Square, Deviance Residuals Chi-Square,
Observed and Predicted Outcomes – Percent Correctly
Predicted.
Statistical Tools:
Nonparametric Tests
 1 Sample Sign
 1 Sample Wilcoxon
 2 Sample Mann-Whitney
 Kruskal-Wallis Median Test
 Mood’s Median Test
 Kruskal-Wallis and Mood’s include a graph of
Group Medians and 95% Median Confidence
Intervals
 Runs Test
Statistical Tools:
Nonparametric Tests - Exact
 1 Sample Wilcoxon – Exact
 2 Sample Mann-Whitney – Exact & Monte
Carlo Exact
 Kruskal-Wallis – Exact & Monte Carlo Exact
 Mood’s Median Test – Exact & Monte Carlo
Exact
 Runs Test - Exact
Statistical Tools:
Chi-Square Test
Statistical Tools: Chi-Square
Test – Fisher’s Exact
Statistical Tools: Chi-Square
Test – Fisher’s Monte Carlo
Statistical Tools: Power &
 1 Sample t-Test
 2 Sample t-Test
 One-Way ANOVA
 1 Proportion Test
 2 Proportions Test
 The Power and Sample Size Calculators
allow you to solve for Power (1 – Beta),
Sample Size, or Difference (specify two, solve
for the third).
Statistical Tools: Power &
Sample Size Charts
Power & Sample Size: 1 Sample t-Test
1.2
1
Difference = 0.5
Power (1 - Beta)
0.8 Difference = 1
Difference = 1.5
0.6
Difference = 2
0.4 Difference = 2.5
Difference = 3
0.2
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60
Sample Size (N)
Measurement Systems
Analysis
 Basic MSA Templates
 Create Gage R&R (Crossed) Worksheet
 Generate worksheet with user specified
number of parts, operators, replicates
 Analyze Gage R&R (Crossed)
 Attribute MSA (Binary)
 Attribute MSA (Ordinal)
 Attribute MSA (Nominal)

Measurement Systems
Analysis: Gage R&R
Template
Measurement Systems
Analysis: Create Gage R&R
(Crossed) Worksheet
Measurement Systems
Analysis: Analyze Gage
R&R (Crossed)
 ANOVA, %Total, %Tolerance (2-Sided or 1-
Sided), %Process, Variance Components,
Number of Distinct Categories
 Gage R&R Multi-Vari and X-bar R Charts
 Confidence Intervals on %Total, %Tolerance,
%Process and Standard Deviations
 Handles unbalanced data (confidence
intervals not reported in this case)
Measurement Systems
R&R (Crossed)
Measurement Systems
Analysis:
Analyze Gage R&R with
Confidence Intervals are calculated for Gage R&R Metrics!

Measurement Systems
Analysis:
Analyze Gage R&R with
R - Part/Operator - Measurement X-Bar - Part/Operator - Measurement
Pa Pa
rt rt
01 01
Pa _O Pa _O
rt p rt p
1.1930
1.2430
1.2930
1.3430
1.3930
1.4430
1.4930
1.5430
-0.003
0.007
0.017
0.027
0.037
0.047
0.057
0.067
01 era 01 era
Pa _O tor Pa _O tor
rt p A rt p A
01 era 01 era
_ t o _ t o
Pa O rB Pa O rB
rt p rt p
02 era 02 era
_ t o _ t o
Pa O rC Pa O rC
rt p rt p
02 era 02 era
t or Pa _O t or
Pa _O A
rt p A rt p
02 era 02 era
Pa _O t or
Pa _O tor B
rt p B rt p
03 era 03 era
_ t o _ to
Pa O rC Pa O rC
rt p rt p
03 era 03 erat
_ t o _ o
Pa O rA Pa O rA
rt p rt p
03 era 03 era
Pa _O t or Pa _O t or
rt p B rt p B
04 era 04 era
t or Pa _O t or
Pa _O C C
rt p rt p
04 erat 04 era
Pa _O orA Pa _O tor
rt p rt p A
04 era 04 era
_ t o _ t o
Pa O rB Pa O rB
rt p rt p
05 era 05 era
t _ t o
Pa _O or Pa O rC
rt p C rt p
05 era 05 era
t or Pa _O t or
Pa _O A
rt p A rt p
05 era 05 era
to
Pa _O tor Pa _O rB
rt p B rt p
06 era 06 erat
_ t o _ o
Pa O rC Pa O rC
rt p rt p
06 era 06 era
_ t o _ t o
Pa O rA Pa O rA
rt p rt p
06 era 06 era
rt p B rt p B
Gage R&R - X-Bar by Operator
07 era 07 era
Gage R&R - R-Chart by Operator
Pa _O tor Pa _O tor
rt p C rt p C
07 era 07 era
_ to _ t o
Pa O rA Pa O rA
rt p rt p
07 erat 07 era
_ o _ t o
Pa O rB Pa O rB
rt p rt p
08 era 08 era
t or t or
Pa _O Pa _O C
rt p C rt p
08 era 08 erat
Pa _O tor Pa _O or
rt p A rt p A
08 era 08 era
_ t o _ t o
Pa O rB Pa O rB
rt p rt p
09 era 09 era
_ t o _ t o
Pa O rC Pa O rC
rt p rt p
09 era 09 era
rt p A rt p A
09 era 09 era
rt p B rt p B
10 era 10 era
Pa _O tor Pa _O tor
rt p C rt p C
10 era 10 era
_ t o _ t o
Pa O rA Pa O rA
rt p rt p
10 era 10 era
_O tor _O tor
B B
Measurement Systems
pe pe
ra ra
to to
rC rC
R&R – X-bar & R Charts
0.000
0.021
0.070
1.4615
1.4213
1.3812
Measurement Systems
R&R – Multi-Vari Charts
Gage R&R Multi-Vari Gage R&R Multi-Vari
1.50879 1.50879
1.45879 1.45879
Mean Options - Total
1.40879 1.40879
1.35879 1.35879
1.30879 1.30879
1.25879 1.25879
1.20879 1.20879
Operator A Operator B Operator C Operator A Operator B Operator C
Operator - Part 01 Operator - Part 02

Measurement Systems
Analysis: Attribute MSA
(Binary)
 Any number of samples, appraisers and
replicates
 Within Appraiser Agreement, Each
Appraiser vs Standard Agreement, Each
Appraiser vs Standard Disagreement,
Between Appraiser Agreement, All
Appraisers vs Standard Agreement
 Fleiss' kappa
Attribute Measurement
Systems Analysis
 “Traffic Light” Attribute Measurement
Systems Analysis: Binary, Ordinal and
Nominal
 A Kappa color highlight is used to aid interpretation: Green (> .9),
Yellow (.7-.9) and Red (< .7) for Binary and Nominal.
 Kendall coefficients are highlighted for Ordinal.
 A new Effectiveness Report treats each appraisal trial as an
opportunity, rather than requiring agreement across all trials.
80
Process Capability
(Normal Data)
 Process Capability/Sigma Level Templates
 Multiple Histograms and Process Capability
 Capability Combination Report for
Individuals/Subgroups:
 Histogram
 Capability Report (Cp, Cpk, Pp, Ppk, Cpm,
ppm, %)
 Normal Probability Plot
 Anderson-Darling Normality Test
 Control Charts
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
-11.9
-10.3
LSL = -10
-8.6
-7.0
-5.4
-3.8
-2.1
-0.5
Target = 0
1.1
MR - Delivery Time Deviation Individuals - Delivery Time Deviation
2.7
-1.72
3.28
8.28
13.28
18.28
23.28
28.28
33.28
1
-17.66
-12.66
-7.66
-2.66
2.34
7.34
12.34
17.34
22.34
27.34
1 4.4
21 21
6.0
41 41
7.6
61 61
9.2
81 81
Delivery Time Deviation

10.9
USL = 10
10 10
1 1
12 12.5
12
1 1
14 14 14.1
1 1
16 16 15.7
1 1
18 18 17.4
1 1
20 20 19.0
1 1
22 22 20.6
1 1
24
1
24 22.2
1
26 26 23.9
1 1
28 28
1 1 25.5
30 30
1 1
32 32
1 1 NSCORE
34 34
-4
-3
-2
-1
0
1
2
3
4
1 1
36 36 -23
1 1
38 38
1 1
40 40
1 1
42 42
1 1
44 44
1 1 -13
46 46
1 1
48 48
1 1
50 50
1 1
52 52
1 1
54 54 -3
1 1
56 56
1 1
58 58
1 1
Report
60 60
1 1
62 62
1 1
64 64 7
1 1
66 66
1 1
68 68
Delivery Time Deviation
1 1
70 70
1 1
72 72
1 1 17
Mean CL: 6.00
0.00
8.12
26.54
-15.60
27.61
27
Process Capability:
Capability Combination
Process Capability for
Nonnormal Data
 Box-Cox Transformation (includes an automatic threshold option
so that data with negative values can be transformed)
 Johnson Transformation
 Distributions supported:
 Half-Normal
 Lognormal (2 & 3 parameter)
 Exponential (1 & 2 parameter)
 Weibull (2 & 3 parameter)
 Beta (2 & 4 parameter)
 Gamma (2 & 3 parameter)
 Logistic
 Loglogistic (2 & 3 parameter)
 Largest Extreme Value
 Smallest Extreme Value
Process Capability for
Nonnormal Data
 Automatic Best Fit based on AD p-value
 Nonnormal Process Capability Indices:
 Z-Score (Cp, Cpk, Pp, Ppk)
 Percentile (ISO) Method (Pp, Ppk)
 Distribution Fitting Report
 All valid distributions and transformations reported
with histograms, curve fit and probability plots
 Sorted by AD p-value
Individuals: Overall Satisfaction
(Percentile Control Limits)
1.500
2.000
2.500
3.000
3.500
4.000
4.500
5.000
5.500
1
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
3
5
7 1.45
9
11
13 1.72
15
17
19 1.99
21
23
25 2.26
27
29
31 2.54
33
35
37 2.81
39
41
43
3.08
45
47
49
3.35
51
53
55
3.62
LSL = 3.5
57
59
61
3.90
63
65
67
4.17
69
71
73
4.44
75
77
79
4.71
81
83
85
4.98
87
89 5.26
91
93
95
97
99
1.548
3.885
5.136
Automatic Best Fit
Nonnormal Process Capability:
Process Capability:
Box-Cox Power
Transformation
Normality Test is
automatically applied
to transformed data!
Design of Experiments
 Basic DOE Templates
 Automatic update to Pareto of Coefficients
 Easy to use, ideal for training
 Generate 2-Level Factorial and Plackett-
Burman Screening Designs
 Main Effects & Interaction Plots
 Analyze 2-Level Factorial and Plackett-
Burman Screening Designs
Basic DOE Templates
Design of Experiments:
Generate 2-Level Factorial
and Plackett-Burman
Screening Designs
 User-friendly dialog box
 2 to 19 Factors
 4,8,12,16,20 Runs
 Unique “view power analysis as you design”
 Randomization, Replication, Blocking and
Center Points
Generate 2-Level Factorial
and Plackett-Burman
Screening Designs
View Power Information

as you design!
Example: 3-Factor, 2-Level
Full-Factorial Catapult DOE
Objective: Hit a target at exactly 100 inches!
Main Effects and
Interaction Plots
Analyze 2-Level Factorial
and Plackett-Burman
Screening Designs
 Used in conjunction with Recall Last Dialog, it
is very easy to iteratively remove terms from
the model
 Interactive Predicted Response Calculator
with 95% Confidence Interval and 95%
Prediction Interval.
 ANOVA report for Blocks, Pure Error, Lack-of-
fit and Curvature
 Collinearity Variance Inflation Factor (VIF)
and Tolerance report
Analyze 2-Level Factorial
and Plackett-Burman
Screening Designs
 Residual plots: histogram, normal probability
plot, residuals vs. time, residuals vs. predicted
and residuals vs. X factors
 Residual types include Regular,
Standardized, Studentized (Deleted t) and
Cook's Distance (Influence), Leverage and
DFITS
 Highlight of significant outliers in residuals
 Durbin-Watson Test for Autocorrelation in
Residuals with p-value
Example: Analyze Catapult
DOE
Pareto Chart of Coefficients for Distance
25
20
Abs(Coefficient)
15
10
0
t
AC
BC
C
AB
n
k
gh
Pi
AB
ac
i
He
op
ll B
St
n
Pu
Pi
B:
A:
C:
Predicted Response
Calculator
95% Confidence Interval and

Prediction Interval
Excel’s Solver is used with the
Predicted Response Calculator to
determine optimal X factor
settings to hit a target distance of
100 inches.
Response Surface Designs
 2 to 5 Factors
 Central Composite and Box-Behnken Designs
 Easy to use design selection sorted by number of
runs:
Contour & 3D Surface Plots
Control Charts
 Individuals
 Individuals & Moving Range
 X-bar & R
 X-bar & S
 P, NP, C, U
 P’ and U’ (Laney) to handle overdispersion
 I-MR-R (Between/Within)
 I-MR-S (Between/Within)
Control Charts
 Tests for Special Causes
 Special causes are also labeled on the control
chart data point.
 Set defaults to apply any or all of Tests 1-8
 Control Chart Selection Tool
 Simplifies the selection of appropriate control chart
based on data type
 Process Capability report
 Pp, Ppk, Cp, Cpk
 Available for I, I-MR, X-Bar & R, X-bar & S charts.
Control Charts
 Add data to existing charts – ideal for
operator ease of use!
 Scroll through charts with user defined
window size
 Advanced Control Limit options: Subgroup
Start and End; Historical Groups (e.g. split
control limits to demonstrate before and after
improvement)
Control Charts
 Exclude data points for control limit calculation
 Add comment to data point for assignable cause
 ± 1, 2 Sigma Zone Lines
 Control Charts for Nonnormal data
 Box-Cox and Johnson Transformations
 16 Nonnormal distributions supported (see Capability
Combination Report for Nonnormal Data)
 Individuals chart of original data with percentile based
control limits
 Individuals/Moving Range chart for normalized data with
optional tests for special causes
Control Charts:
Individuals &
Moving Range Charts
R - Shot 1 - Shot 3 X-Bar - Shot 1 - Shot 3
84.52921561
89.52921561
94.52921561
99.52921561
104.5292156
109.5292156
114.5292156
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
Jo Jo
hn hn
M M
oe oe
Sa Sa
lly lly
Su Su
e e
Da Da
vid vid
Jo Jo
hn hn
M M
oe oe
Sa Sa
lly lly
Su Su
e e
Da Da
vid vid
Jo Jo
hn hn
M M
oe oe
Sa Sa
lly lly
Su Su
e e
Da Da
vid vid
Jo Jo
hn hn
Control Charts:
M M
oe oe
Sa Sa
lly lly
X-bar & R/S Charts
Su Su
e e
Da Da
vid vid
93.92
100.37
106.81
0.00000
6.30000
16.21776
R - Shot 1 - Shot 3 MR - Shot 1 - Shot 3 Individuals - Shot 1 - Shot 3
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
12.00
14.00
16.00
0.00
2.00
4.00
6.00
8.00
10.00
82.35
87.35
92.35
97.35
102.35
107.35
112.35
117.35
Jo Jo Jo
hn hn hn
M M M
oe oe oe
Sa Sa
Sa lly lly
lly
Su Su
Su e e
e
Da
Da vid
Da vid
vid
Jo
Jo hn
hn
Jo
hn
M
M oe
oe
M
oe
Sa
Sa lly
lly
Sa
lly
Su
e
Su
e
Su Da
e vid
Da
vid
Da Jo
vid hn
Jo
hn
Jo M
oe
hn
M
oe
Sa
M lly
oe
Sa
lly
Su
Sa e
lly
Su
e Da
vid
Su
e Da
vid Jo
hn
Da
vid Jo
hn M
oe
Jo
hn M Sa
oe
lly
M Sa
oe lly Su
e
Sa Su Da
lly e vid
91.50
0.00000
6.30000
100.37
109.23
0.00000
3.33333
16.21776
10.89000
Charts (Between/Within)
Control Charts: I-MR-R/S
Control Chart Selection
Tool
 Simplifies the
selection of
appropriate control
chart based on
data type
 Includes Data
Types and
Definitions help
tab.
Control Charts:
Use Historical Limits;
Flag Special Causes
109.15 1
1 106.81
107.15
5
105.15
X-Bar - Shot 1 - Shot 3
103.15
101.15 100.37
99.15
97.15
95.15 93.92
93.15
1
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Control Charts:
Add Comments as Data Labels
Control Charts:
Summary Report on
Tests for Special Causes
Control Charts:
Use Historical Groups to
Display Before Versus
After Improvement
31 Before Improvement After Improvement
26
Individuals - Delivery Time Deviation
21
16
11
7.00
6
Mean CL: 0.10
1
-4 -6.80
-9
-14
-19
Control Charts:
Scroll Through Charts With
User Defined Window Size
Control Charts:
Process Capability Report
(Long Term/Short Term)
Individuals Chart for
Nonnormal Data:
Johnson Transformation
Individuals/Moving Range
Chart for Nonnormal Data:
Johnson Transformation
Control Charts:
Box-Cox Power
Transformation
Normality Test is
automatically applied
to transformed data!
Reliability/Weibull
Analysis
 Weibull Analysis
 Complete and Right Censored data
 Least Squares and Maximum Likelihood
methods
 Output includes percentiles with confidence
intervals, survival probabilities, and Weibull
probability plot.
SigmaXL® Training
 We now offer On-Site Training in SigmaXL.
 Course Duration: 4.5 Days.
 Instructor is John Noguera, SigmaXL co-founder,
Six Sigma Master Black Belt, Motorola University
Senior Instructor.
 Hands-on exercises with catapult.
SigmaXL® Training
Course Contents:
 Day 1: Introduction to SigmaXL, Basic
Graphical Tools and Descriptive Statistics
 Day 2: Measurement Systems Analysis,
Process Capability
 Day 3: Comparative Methods, Multi-Vari
Analysis
 Day 4: Correlation, Regression and
Introduction to DOE
 Day 5: Statistical Process Control

Introducing SigmaXL Version 7 - Aug 13 2014

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Introducing SigmaXL Version 7 - Aug 13 2014

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Introducing SigmaXL®

SigmaXL has added some exciting, new and

 “Traffic Light” Attribute Measurement

 Automatic Normality Check for Pearson

 Small Sample Exact Statistics for One-Way

 For example, a contingency table where more than 20%

 Exact statistics are typically available only in advanced

 User-friendly Design of Experiments with “view

 Powerful Excel Worksheet Manager

 Process Capability and Control Charts for Nonnormal data

 Recall SigmaXL Dialog

 Activate Last Worksheet

 List all open Excel

 Subset by Category, Number, or Date

 Basic Graphical Templates:

 2 Poisson Rates Test and Confidence Interval

 One-Way Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test

 One-Way Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test - Exact

 Probability Distribution Calculators:

 Basic Process Capability Templates:

 Basic DOE Templates:

 Basic Control Chart Templates:

0 95% CI Mean = 3.09 to 3.7

Overall Satisfaction - Customer Type: 1 Anderson-Darling Normality Test:

95% CI Mean = 4.01 to 4.4

Overall Satisfaction - Customer Type: 2 Anderson-Darling Normality Test:

Capability Indices using Overall Standard Deviation

120 Expected Overall Performance

40 Actual (Empirical) Performance

40 Actual (Empirical) Performance

4.634 4.634 4.634 4.634

4.134 4.134 4.134 4.134

3.634 3.634 3.634 3.634

3.134 3.134 3.134 3.134

2.634 2.634 2.634 2.634

2.134 2.134 2.134 2.134

1.634 1.634 1.634 1.634

1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00

0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80

0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00

Linear Regression with 95%

2.7200 2.7200 2.7200

1.7200 1.7200 1.7200

Responsive to Calls Ease of Communications Staff Knowledge

3.0000 3.0000 3.0000

2.0000 2.0000 2.0000

1.0000 1.0000 1.0000

Overall Satisfaction Ease of Communications Staff Knowledge

2.4000 2.4000 2.4000

1.4000 1.4000 1.4000

Overall Satisfaction Responsive to Calls Staff Knowledge

4.9600 4.9600 4.9600

3.9600 3.9600 3.9600

1.9600 1.9600 1.9600

0.9600 0.9600 0.9600

Overall Satisfaction Responsive to Calls Ease of Communications

 One-Way ANOVA and Means Matrix

 Binary and Ordinal Logistic Regression

 Chi-Square Test (Stacked Column data

 Chi-Square – Fisher’s Exact and Monte

 Nonparametric Tests – Exact and Monte

 Power and Sample Size Calculators

 Power and Sample Size Charts

P-values turn red