Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
I/O Hardware
Application I/O Interface
Kernel I/O Subsystem
Transforming I/O Requests to Hardware Operations
Streams
Performance
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.2 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Objectives
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I/O Hardware
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.4 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
An i/o port typically consists of 4 registers:
Data in reg: register is read by host to get i/p
Data out reg: register is written by host to send o/p
Status reg: contain bits that can be read by the host.wether the
current command is executed, whether a device error has occurred
Control regis:written by host to change mode. Choose b/w full
duplex, half duplex
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.5 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
A Typical PC Bus Structure
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.6 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Device I/O Port Locations on PCs (partial)
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.7 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Polling
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.9 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Interrupt-Driven I/O Cycle
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.10 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Intel Pentium Processor Event-Vector Table
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.11 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Direct Memory Access
Bypasses CPU to transfer data directly between I/O device and memory
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.12 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Six Step Process to Perform DMA Transfer
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.13 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Application I/O Interface
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A Kernel I/O Structure
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Characteristics of I/O Devices
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Block and Character Devices
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Network Devices
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Clocks and Timers
ioctl (on UNIX) covers odd aspects of I/O such as clocks and
timers
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.19 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Blocking and Nonblocking I/O
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.20 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Two I/O Methods
Synchronous Asynchronous
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.21 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Kernel I/O Subsystem
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Device-status Table
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Sun Enterprise 6000 Device-Transfer Rates
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Kernel I/O Subsystem
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Error Handling
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I/O Protection
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Use of a System Call to Perform I/O
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.28 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Kernel Data Structures
Kernel keeps state info for I/O components, including open file
tables, network connections, character device state
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.29 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
UNIX I/O Kernel Structure
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.30 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
I/O Requests to Hardware Operations
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.31 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Life Cycle of An I/O Request
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STREAMS
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.33 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
The STREAMS Structure
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Performance
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Intercomputer Communications
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.36 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
Improving Performance
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Device-Functionality Progression
Operating System Concepts – 7th Edition, Jan 2, 2005 13.38 Silberschatz, Galvin and Gagne ©2005
End of Chapter 13