STEERING GEARS IN SHIPS

RUDDER
Helps in turning the ship as and
when required
STEERING GEAR
A pivotal system in which the entire
rudder action is dependent
Has been an indispensable part of
the ship’s machinery since the advent
of the very early ships, which were
operated by hand
TYPES OF STEERING GEARS:
1. Ram Type Steering Gear
 One of the commonly used steering
gear construction
 Quite expensive
 The basic principle is same as that of
a hydraulically-driven motor engine
or lift
Produces considerably high value of
torque (a force that produces or tends
to produce rotation) for a given
applied power
The hydraulic oil pressure varies
from 100 to 175 bars depending on
the size of the rudder and torque
required
Figure 1. Ram Type Steering Gear
2. Rotary Vane Type Steering
Gear
 There is a fixed housing in which
two vanes rotate
 The housing along the vanes form
four chambers
 Its operation is similar to the ram
type with a small difference
 Used when the pressure
requirement is 60 to 100 bar for
producing required torque
MAIN ADVANTAGE OF ROTARY
VANE:
Requiring lesser hydraulic pressure
and power for producing the same
amount of torque as ram type
OTHER ADVANTAGES:
Lower installation cost
Less weight
Smaller space required
Figure 2. Rotary Vane Type Steering Gear
 PUMPS IN SHIPS
different types of pumps function by circulating
various types of fluids that a ship consists, for the
purpose of cooling, heating, lubrication, and as fuels
TYPES OF PUMPS:
1. Positive Displacement Pump
 Are self priming pumps and are
normally used as priming devices
Figure 3. Positive Displacement Pump
Consist of one or more chamber,
depending upon the construction,
and the chambers are alternatively
filled and emptied
Normally used where the discharge
rate is small to medium
Popularly used where the viscosity of
the fluid is high
Generally used to produce high
pressure in the pumping system
2. Dynamic Pressure/Roto-
Dynamic Pump
During pumping action, tangential
force is imparted which accelerates
the fluid normally by rotation of
impeller
Some systems which contain
dynamic pump may require positive
displacement pump for priming
Normally used for moderate to high
discharge rate
The pressure differential range is in
range low to moderate
Popularly used in a system where low
viscosity fluids are used
Figure 4. Dynamic Pressure/Roto-Dynamic Pump
3. Bilge Pump
Used on occasions to drain water
from the ship/vessel
Vital asset to a ship
First used on the Santa Maria in 1492
and was made of wood
Figure 5. Bilge Pump