BIO-FUELS

Presented By,
Leo George
ME S1 :B
 Bio-Fuels
• Bio-fuels are derived from biomass ,derived from living organisms.
• Biomass, a form of chemical energy formed by photosynthesis.
• Biomass can be converted to useful energy.
• Most widely, it is burned and converted into heat energy and use
It.
 Conversion Processes
• Chemical Process (eg. Biodiesel Production)
• Biological Process (eg. Biogas, Ethanol, Butanol Production)
• Thermal Process (eg.Pyrolysis, Gasification)
 Bio-diesel
• Bio-diesel is a form of diesel fuel manufactured from vegetable oils, animal
fats, or recycled restaurant greases. It is safe, biodegradable, and produces
less air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel.
• Bio-diesel is meant to be used in standard diesel engines and is thus distinct
from the vegetable and waste oils used to fuel converted diesel engines. Bio-
diesel can be used alone, or blended with petro diesel.
• Bio-diesel can also be used as a low carbon alternative to heating oil.
 Bio-diesel-Merits & Limitations
Merits
• Less emission than petro diesel & High lubricity.
• Biodegradable, extremely low in sulphur.
Limitations
• Vegetable Oil for trans esterification is costly.
• Dissolves organic components in the fuel system.
• Results in altered land use pattern.
 Bio-gas (Gober gas)
• Biogas production using anaerobic (oxygen free) digestion is a biological
treatment process to reduce odor, produce energy and improve the storage
and handling characteristics of manure.
• A biogas production system must be specially designed and requires regular
attention by someone familiar with the needs and operation of the digester.
• The slurry formed during this process is a very valuable organic fertilizer.
 Bio-gas Merits & Limitations
Merits
• Cheap and convenient cooking fuel.
• Bio-gas production gives organic fertilizer(slurry) as byproduct.
• Waste management in a more sustainable way.
Limitations
• It is sensitive to optimum temperature and pH value.
• Toxic Materials in digester will halt bio-gas production.
 Pyrolysis & Gasification
• Pyrolysis is a thermochemical decomposition of organic material at elevated
temperatures in the absence of oxygen .
• It is most commonly observed in organic materials exposed to high
temperatures.
• The process is used heavily in the chemical industry, for example, to
produce charcoal, activated carbon,methanol, and other chemicals from
wood, to convert ethylene dichloride into vinyl chloride to make PVC, to
produce coke from coal, to convert biomass into syngas and biochar etc..
 Gasification
• Biomass gasification is a process of converting solid biomass fuel into a gaseous
combustible gas (called producer gas) through a sequence of thermo-chemical
reactions.
• This is achieved by reacting the material at high temperatures (>700 °C), without
combustion, with a controlled amount of oxygen and/or steam.
• The resulting gas mixture is called syngas (from synthesis gas) or producer gas and
is itself a fuel. The power derived from gasification and combustion of the resultant
gas is considered to be a source of renewable energy if the gasified compounds
were obtained from biomass.
• The advantage of gasification is that using the syngas is potentially more
efficient than direct combustion of the original fuel because it can be
combusted at higher temperatures or even in fuelcell.
• . Syngas may be burned directly in gas engines, used to produce methanol
and hydrogen