Respiratory System

Cephalopods

 is the most morphologically and behaviorally

complex class in phylum Mollusca.
 means "head foot" and this group has the most
complex brain of any invertebrate.
 characterized by a completely merged head
and foot, with a ring of arms and/or tentacles
surrounding the head. The arms, tentacles, and
funnel are all derivatives of the foot.
 includes octopuses, squid, cuttlefish, and
nautilus.
Gills provide the primary mechanism for
respiratory gas exchange in cephalopods as
well as a major means of eliminating
nitrogenous (ammonia) wastes. Blood is
moved through the gills with the aid of the
branchial hearts, contractile blood vessels
and muscular movements of the gills.
Oxygenated blood leaving the gills passes to
the muscular ventrical (systemic heart) and
is then dispersed via the arterial system to
the rest of the animal.
Octopus
Octopi have a closed respiratory system. They do not
have lungs.
Four main methods for respiration.
1. Octopi use a pair of well developed gills along with well
developed blood vessels.
2. They use a mantle. An octopus's mantle is a muscular
structure that contains all of its organs, including gills, hearts,
a digestive system and reproductive glads. It is located behind
its head and across from its arms. It is The mantle's strong
muscle assist with respiration and help protect sensitive
organs.
3. Octopi also respire through their epidermis, the outer layer of
skin.
4. Lastly With the siphon, they pump water through the gill
system to enable them to breathe. (Note, The siphon is also
used for movement as the octopus pumps his/her way
through the water rather than swimming. )
 An octopus breathes in the same manner
that all fish breathe, which is through gills.
The octopus gills are located inside the
mantle cavity and exit to the outside of the
body. The oxygen requirements of octopus
are greater than those required by other
mollusks and fish. Octopuses have three
hearts, two of which pump blood across the
two gills, where oxygen exchange takes
place.
Four main methods for respiration.
MANTLE

The gills are made up of many feathery filaments. These filaments

allow for a larger surface area across which the oxygenated water
passes over. This large surface area allows the octopus to pick up
more oxygen per breath.
 The Exchange of Oxygen
 The oxygen is picked up in the capillaries by the process of a counter current
exchange. Oxygen will be picked up in the capillaries as long as the level of
oxygen is lower in the blood than it is in the water. When counter current
exchange is used, the oxygen level will always be lower in the blood than in the
water, allowing for continuous exchange of oxygen between the water and
blood. This means that blood travels in an opposite direction in the gills than
the direction that the water is traveling. This allows for maximum oxygen
exchange per breath. Due to the muscular system of the octopus that contracts
the mantle cavity, forcing oxygenated water across the filaments of the gills, the
octopus is able to attain the 11 percent oxygen saturation level in its blood that
it requires. Most fish and mollusks attain an average of 3 percent oxygen
saturation.
 The Hearts of an Octopus
 Two of the three hearts of an octopus pump blood through the gills. The
oxygenated blood that leaves the gills returns to the third heart to be pumped
back through the rest of the body. The oxygen is carried in the protein
hemocyanin instead of the red blood cells commonly found in mammals.
Hemocyanin is dissolved in the blood's plasma, causing the blood to be a blue
color.