KINDS OF

ECOSYSTEM
.
.

Marione Leslie D. Jennifer Kim L.

INTRODUCTION TO BIOMES
 BIOMES

 It is one of several immense terrestrial

environments, a habitat characterized
throughout its extents by similar
plants, animals, climate and soil types.
 Consists of regional groups of related
manageable units called ecosystem .
 Each biome contains thousands of
types of ecosystems.
Several major biomes

DESERTS
GRASSLAND
FORESTS
1. DESERTS

⪢ It generally occur in semi-tropical and

temperate regions having rainfall of less than
about 20 cm a year. Its climate has the least
precipitations and is unpredictable from year
to year. Precipitation is so slow that in some
deserts, evaporation from soil and plant
surface actually exceeds precipitation.
TWO KINDS OF DESERTS
⪢ a. Cold Deserts (47%) are located above
30 degrees north and below 30 degrees
south in dry areas.
 Dominated
by:

SAGEBRUSH

SMALLER
PERENNIAL
RABBITBRUS PLANTS
H
⪢ b. Hot Deserts (53%) are found around the
latitudes of 30 degrees north and south on
every continent.
 Dominated
by:

CACTI
CREOSOTE
YUCCA

ACACIA AGAVE
DESERT

⪢ Desert soil is largely unprotected

by vegetation. It is subject to
severe erosion from wind and
occasional rain. It has a thin top
layer of decaying plant materials
called humus.

⪢ Organisms have both structural

and behavioral adaptations to
meet their three most critical
needs for survival: food water and
heat.
Organisms in Desert

⪢ Plants with seasonal leaf

production have water-
storage tissues and thick
epidermal layers that help
reduce water loss.
⪢ Animals live in burrows or
rocky shelters to escape
from the onslaught of
daytime heat.
Desert Animals and Plants
 2. GRASSLANDS
⪢ Dominated by grasses and a rich array of
deep-rooted, beautifully flowering non-grass
species.
⪢ They have a few trees because of inadequate
rainfall and frequent grass fire that kills
woody seedlings.
 3. FOREST

⪢ These are regions where trees grow as a result of adequate

temperature and minimal precipitation of 75 cm or more.

Two types of forest:

A. TROPICAL BIOMES/FOREST

 Forest with high, fairly

constant rainfall and
temperature that permit
trees to grow throughout
the year. Annual rainfall
may exceed 400cm. This is
the biome with the highest
species diversity. (almost
100 different species per
hectare)
 A. TROPICAL BIOMES

 Also known as monsoon forest. Seasonal rainfall

is concentrated during a certain part of the year
after which follows an increasingly pronounced
dry season. Proportion of deciduous trees (tress
that loses their leaves for a season) increases as
the length of the dry season increases.
 Tropical savanna consists of grassland dotted with
scattered small trees and shrubs such as acacias. Some
savannas are entirely grassland; others contain many trees.
 Tropical thornwood , shrubland and tropical
shrub . The proportion of trees depends on
the competition between trees and the grass
for water. The soil is more fertile than most
tropical rainforest, but the rainfall is erratic.

THORNTREE AND TROPICAL

SHRUBLAND
 B. TEMPERATE BIOMES

⪢ The climate of temperate

forest is typically
moderate in terms of
temperature. This forest
occurs in region of
abundant rainfall and
contains both deciduous
and evergreen trees.
6 major categories of
temperate forest
⪢ 1. Temperate deciduous forest occurs in a moderately
humid area where precipitation takes place throughout the
year but winters are cold , restricting plant growth during
the summers. Most of thee trees loose their leaves in
autumn. The soil is rich in minerals and organic matter.
⪢ 2. Temperate evergreen forest occurs
where the condition favors conifers or broad-
leaf evergreens over deciduous trees. It has
poor soil condition, frequent droughts and
forest fires. Temperate evergreen plants
include ponderosa and pine trees. These
forests are found in Eastern Asia, Southern
Chile, New Zealand and Australia.

PONDEROSA PINE
TREES
⪢ 3. Temperate rainforest occurs in cold climate near
the sea with an abundant winter rainfall and summer
clouds or fogs. These include the forests of giant tress
of the Pacific Coast of North America, and the mixed
coniferous forests of Washington, Oregon and California.
⪢ 4. Temperate woodland occurs where the
climate is too dry to support a forest yet
provides sufficient moisture to support trees
as well as grasses. Dominant trees are
conifers, evergreens, flowering trees, and
deciduous trees.

CONIFERS
⪢ 5. Temperate shrubland is represented by
the Chaparral communities that occurs in all
five regions of the world having fairly dry
climate with little or no summer rain. Most
shrubs have leathery leaves. They often have
distinctively aromatic, volatile and flammable
compounds in their leaves. Fires are frequent
and dominant.

SHRUBLAN CHAPARRAL
6. Temperate grassland is also known variably as prairie in
North America, steppe in Asia, pampas in South America, and
veldt in South Africa. This covers extensive areas in the interior of
continents where there are enough moisture to support forest or
woodland. The grasslands are natural ranges for grazing animals,
but they must be treated with care or they degrade into shrubland.
Decomposition in grassland is slower than falling
leaves, so the fertile soil gets deeper as time
goes by, producing the topsoil in the world. The
grassland biome is often referred to as the
world’s breadbasket as it is best for agriculture.
 Comes from the Russian word

TAIGA
meaning “primeval forest”
Also known as “boreal forest”
Dominated by conifers that can
survive extreme cold in winter.
Most taiga precipitations are snow
This biome has cold, dry winters
and short, cool, wet summers
33
 SPRUC
PINES FIR
34
E
  Treeless biome

Tundra
 Occurs far north in the arctic regions
where winters are too dry and cold to
permit trees
 Low-growing plants where water reaches
plant roots for only few months of the
year because the soil is frozen for the rest
of the time.
 The permanent frozen layer is called
35
permafrost .
 DWARF WOODY
GRASS
SHRUB

SEDGE
MOSS
36
S
 ENVIRONMENTAL
VARIABLES
AFFECTING THE
BIOMES
37
 • Powers energy
1. that supplies
energy to
SUNLIGH nearly all life
T on earth.
• Essential for
vision, which
may animals
38 rely on
2. • Organisms can
survive within a
TEMPERAT specific, limited
range of
URE temperature.
• If the body
temperature either
rises above or falls
below that range,
39 the critical chemical
3. WATER AND
DISSOLVE •SALT
• Many plants and
Precise balance of
•animals
• Salinity,cannot
But, some the
water dissolves
survive incannot
concentration
organisms dryof
salts, and organic
conditions,
dissolved
equally such
inorganic
live in as
molecules in the
dessert
salts, because
affects
swamps orthe
body fluids of
they cannot
ability
marshes of the
because
organisms must be
acquire
organismsand
of too muchtowater store
to
40 maintained keep
 4. • The concentration
of available oxygen
OXYG can be an important
limiting factor in a
EN variety of
environments.
•• Too muchcan
Bacteria oxygen for
either
anaerobic organisms
be aerobic or
• All breathing can anaerobic.
be fatal as lack
41
animals need more of oxygen is for
5. • Plants release
METABOLIC oxygen by day,
give off carbon
WASTE dioxide by night,
and discard leaves
and stems on
seasonal basis.
• All organism • It have to enter
42 produce metabolic
the
 6. • Distribution of
NUTRIENTS nutrients is
important in
determining where
organisms can
grow and where
they cannot.
• The more
43
nutrients available
44
Different Kinds of Biomes
Thank
TAIGA
48
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White Black
Is the color of milk and Is the color of coal,
fresh snow, the color ebony, and of outer
produced by the space. It is the darkest
combination of all the color, the result of the
colors of the visible absence of or complete
spectrum. absorption of light.

53
 In two or three columns

Yellow Blue Red

Is the color of Is the colour of Is the color of
gold, butter and the clear sky and blood, and
ripe lemons. In the deep sea. It is because of this it
the spectrum of located between has historically
visible light, violet and green been associated
yellow is found on the optical with sacrifice,
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Yellow 10 20 7

Blue 30 15 10

Orange 5 24 16

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 Let’s review some concepts
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter
and ripe lemons. In the
spectrum of visible light,
yellow is found between
green and orange.
Yellow
Is the color of gold, butter
and ripe lemons. In the
spectrum of visible light,
yellow is found between
green and orange.
63
Blue
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet
and green on the optical
spectrum.
Blue
Is the colour of the clear
sky and the deep sea. It is
located between violet
and green on the optical
spectrum.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
Red
Is the color of blood, and
because of this it has
historically been
associated with sacrifice,
danger and courage.
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