SHAMBHUNATH INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING AND

TECHNOLOGY
ALLAHABAD
PRESENTATION
ON
“SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT”
UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
PROF.SHAHBAZ WASIM SIR
BY
RAVI KUMAR GUPTA
ABHISHEK KUMAR
HASSAN AHMAD
SATISH YADAV
YADAV SANDEEP KUMAR KALURAM
MAHAD ASAD
 INTRODUCTION

 Sewage treatment is the process of removing contaminants from

wastewater and household sewage, both effluents and domestic. It includes
physical, chemical, and biological processes to remove physical, chemical and
biological contaminants.

 Its objective is to produce an environmentally safe fluid waste stream and a

solid waste suitable for disposal or reuse.

 The objective of sewage treatment is to produce Disposable effluent without

causing harms to the surrounding environment, and prevent pollution.
IMORTANCE OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
 Much of the sewage waste is simply let to drain into nearby rivers and other
water bodies. We clearly need better allocation of resources to appropriately
treat and process sewage water.
 The major aim of wastewater treatment is to remove as much of the
suspended solids as possible before the remaining water, called effluent, is
discharged back to the environment. As solid material decays, it uses up
oxygen, which is needed by the plants and animals living in the water.

SOURCES OF WASTE WATER

 Human waste
 Washing water
 Rainfall collected on roofs, yards, hard-standings
 domestic sources
 Direct ingress of river water
 Highway drainage
 Industrial waste
 STATEWISE PERCENTAGE GENERATION OF SEWAGE
(According to Ministry of Environment , Forests & Climate change , Govt. Of India)
14%

12%

10%
percentage
8%

6%

percentage
4%

2%

0%
 WASTE WATER TREATMENT PROCEDURE
 Sewage treatment generally involves three stages, called:-
1. PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
2. PRIMARY TREATMENT
3. SECONDARY TREATMENT
4. TERITARY TREATMENT(DISINFECTION)
5. SOLID PROCESSING(SLUDGE TREATMENT)

TYPES OF THE TREATMENT PROCESS

 PRELIMINARY TREATMENT
 Preliminary treatment removes materials that can be easily collected from
the raw sewage before they damage or clog the pumps and sewage lines of
primary treatment clarifiers trash, tree limbs, leaves, branches etc.
 It include:-
 Bar screening(Removal of large object like wood,plastics,etc)
 Grit removal process(Removal of sand particles,grit,broken glass)
 Skimming tank(Removal of oil and grease from waste water coming)

PRIMARY TREATMENT
 Primary treatment is aimed at the removal of fine suspended organic solids
that cannot be removed in the preliminary treatment. Primary treatment
basically involves the process of sedimentation or settling.
 SECONDARY TREATMENT OR BIOLOGICAL
TREATMENT
 Secondary treatment removes
dissolved and suspended
biological matter. Secondary
treatment is typically performed by
indigenous, water-borne micro-
organisms in a managed habitat.
Secondary treatment may be
requiring a separation process to
remove the micro-organisms from
the treated water prior to
discharge or tertiary treatment.

Secondary sedimentation Tank

 ACTIVATED SLUDGE
 In general, activated sludge plants encompass a variety of mechanisms and
processes that use dissolved oxygen to promote the growth of biological flock
that substantially removes organic material.

 A part of the organic matter is utilized for the synthesis of new bacterial cells
while the remaining gets oxidized to CO2 and H2O. The newly formed
microorganisms are agglomerated to form floes, technically referred to as
sludge.
AERATION TANK
 The separated sludge which is not in contact with organic matter becomes
activated. It is separated from the settling tank, and returned to the aeration
tank, and recycled. The activated sludge recycled in aeration tank serves as a
seed or inoculums. The excess and waste sludge can be removed.
 ROTATING BIOLOGICAL CONTACTORS
 Rotating biological contactor contain a number of rotating discs on a shaft
submerged in a tank partially or Completely filled with liquid Bio-film grows in
immobilized form on the surface of a large number of closely spaced discs
partially in the air space above the reactor.
TERTIARY OR FINAL TREATMENT
 The purpose of tertiary treatment is to provide a Final treatment stageto
raise the effluent quality before it is discharged to the receiving environment
(sea, river, lake, ground, etc.). More than one tertiary Treatment process
may be used at any treatment plant.
 If disinfection is practiced; it is always the final process. It is also called
"effluent polishing”.
 Treated water is disinfected and then it is send out for wastewater reuse
activities or for discharging in river/streams. mostly chlorination and/or ultra
violet irradiation is used for disinfection purposes.
SOLIDS PROCESSING
 The primary solids from the primary settling tank and the secondary solids
from the clarifier are sent to a digester. Micro-organisms use the organic
material present in the solids as a food source and convert it to by-products
such as methane gas and water. After this biosolids are sent to landfill or
used as a fertilizers and the gas are use generate revenue.
LITERATURE REVIEW ON INFLUENCE OF PLANT-BASED
COAGULANTS IN WASTE WATER TREATMENT

 Abstract –
 Coagulation and flocculation by adding chemicals are the methods that are usually used
for water treatment. These types of treatment facilities are difficult and also expensive.
 The aim was to ascertain the abode menthe vend plant-based coagulants in the influence
of coagulation activity. The results indicated that Maringa Oleifera Seed Powder showed
better influence in removal of physic- chemical parameters

 Explanation of Literature Review:-

• Locally available seeds such a Moringa Oleifera and Tamarinds India were used for water
purification.
• This paper evaluates Moringa Obeifera and Tamarinds India can be used so water
purifier and it would be possible to develop an eco-friendly method of water
purification.
• Plant-based coagulants also control and regulate turbidity and hardness and this study
helps Te detect the problems of heavy metals in drinking water in developing countries
LITERATURE REVIEW OF A CASE STUDY ON SEWAGE
TREATMENTPLANT (STP), DELAWAS, JAIPUR
 Abstract:-
• The indiscriminate population explosion raises the demand of food and fodder for
continue life on earth.
• The situations has only be handled by not throwing sewage directly to natural resources
and reuse the treated water that ultimately reduces the overall demand of fresh water.
• The work area is STP Declaws, Pratap Nagar. Raipur, which is setup in 2006, and
operation & management, is under the charge of M/S Vatech Wabag Ltd.
• The STP collects water from 25Km surrounding with gravity flow & no pumping is use for
sewage up liftment for sending it to plant, which is a great achievement for its engineers.

 Explanation of Literature Review:-

• The STP is currently working well and farmers can use this water, as it cannot harm the
crop, even increase the yield of this crop.
 The STP produced biogas, which can helps in meeting about its 75%-80% energy
requirement for operation and maintenance.
 The concept of waste to energy of the designer is a subject of appreciation
 This type of STP should setup on large scale so they will help India in improving health
and sanitation with sustainable development.
LITERATURE REVIEW OF WASTEWATER TREATMENT BYEFFLUENT TREATMENT
PLANTS
 Abstract:-
• Most of the river basins are closing or closed to severe water shortages, brought on by the
simultaneous effects of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization.
• Although many research papers have been reported on wastewater pollution control
studies, but a very few research work is carried out for treatment of wastewater of steel
industries, especially in reference to development of design of industrial effluent
Treatment Plants (ETP) | system.
• Another beneficial aspect of this research work | will be recycling, reuse of water and
sludge from steel industry.

 Explanation of Literature Review:-

 The problems associated with wastewater reuse arise from its lack of treatment.
 The challenge thus is to find is to such low cost low tech, user friendly method which on
one hand avoid threatening our substantial wastewater dependent livelihoods and on the
other hand protect degradation of our valuable natural resources.
 Compared to the conventional treatment system constructed wetlands need lesser
material and energy are easily operated have no sludge disposal problem and can be
maintained by untrained personal.
LITERATURE REVIEW OF SEWAGE TREATMENT AND MANAGEMENT IN GOA
INDIA
 Abstract:-
• Water pollution in India is primarily associated with unmanaged urbanization,
population explosion inadequate capacity of sewage treatment, and its disposal.
• This paper gives an overview on sewage treatment plants (STP) In Goa—a coastal state in
India Being a famous tourist Destination. It is important to monitor and control water
pollution levels in Goa state.

 Explanation of Literature Review:-

• STPs in Goa have potential for reuse of treated water for various purposes such as
gardening, Mashing, construction, fire brigade, irrigation, etc.
 To bridge the increasing water demand, there is a need to understand the importance of
private STPs installed in hotels as well as residential complexes, more studies are
required to find novel and cost-effective technologies.
 This will help to treat the sewage water and explore activities, which can utilize this
treated water.
• Geographical information systems (GIS) can be a useful tool for developing city master
plans including city sanitation plan.
LITERATURE REVIEW OF EUROPEAN JOURNAL OFPHARMACEUTICAL AND
MEDICAL RESEARCH

 Abstract:-
• Wastewater is dirty, used water that goes down the drains & toilets of homes, schools,
business & factories. Wastewater is collected in networks of pipes called “Sewers” that
carry it to wastewater treatment works.
• In this research, Domestic water is processed through compost toilet system to treat
human excreta by composting or aerobic decomposition producing compost and
wastewater which further processed by natural or constructed wetlands which act as bio-
filters to remove sediments & pollutants such as heavy metals. Thus water can be
recycled.

 Explanation of Literature Review:-

 It is relatively new technology (requires further research) a can treat both human excreta
and organic household waste (kitchen and garden waste) which requires little space and
conservation of feces in highly fertile black soil.
 There is production of urine-based liquid fertilizer and prevention of ammonia loss to
the atmosphere and allows carbon sequestration with no or only negligible green house
gas production.
 Stable process, High pathogen reduction. This method is Cost effective and can be used
for Community as well as household-level.
LITERATURE REVIEW OF REDUCING THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF THE WASTE
WATERS BY USE THE WATER TREATMENT SYSTEMS IN RAILWAY INDUSTRIES
 Abstract:-
 The waste waters from the locomotives repair industry and the method of treatment
named dissolved air flocculation (DAAF) are two of object of this study.
 The paper starts with a short investigation of the locomotives preservations industry and
the first objective is Te illustrate the affiliation between pollutants and industrial
commotion.
 The second stride of this study was to product altered histograms to exhibit the influence
of handling of the waste waters on changed sticks, such: total solids adjourned, chemical
demand in oxygen, pH, heavy metals, minerals, grease and diluents.
 The tools used in this investigate are those specific: Conservational Systems Analysis
(ESA) tools, critical amalgamation of the processes and theirs modeling, observation and
the experiment and statist tic calculus.

 Explanation of Literature Review:-

 The paper illustrates the stages of ESA method (Environmental Systems Analysis
method) applied in indusial activity of locomotives repairs to establish its impact on
environment / water.
 The results of this analysis show that the use of a DAF waste water treatment plant is
appropriate
 The evaluation of this solution is realized using the- tan grams of most important
indicators TSS, CCO, pH, HM. Oil, Minerals, and Solvents in different periods, of time:
before and after implementation of treatment plant.
 METHODOLOGY
1. Biological Treatment Of Waste Water Using Activated Sludge Process And Sequential
Batch Reactor Process.
2. Performance Of The Modified Multi Media Filler For Domestic Wastewater Treatment.
3. Coagulation Performance Evaluation Of Naturals And Synthetic Coagulation In Waste
Water Treatment.
4. Waste Water Treatment by Coagulation and Flocculation.
5. Advanced oxidation processes.
6. Wastewater decontamination by processes of absorption.
 SCOPE OF THE PROJECT
 With UN reports warning of water stress being faced by two-third of global
population by 2025,the scope of waste water treatment is a large one.
 Wastewater treatment plants are going to see being used in different technical
setups:-
 Sewage treatment plant
 Tertiary treatment
 Agricultural wastewater treatment plants
 Leach ate treatment plant

These waste water treatment plants can be installed

innumerous setup which may be industrial,institutional,in
human colonies as well as agricultural lands until there is
requirement for safe disposal of waste water generated.
 CONCLUSION
The ultimate goal of wastewater treatment is the protection of the
environment in a manner commensurate with public health and
socio-economic concerns. Based on the nature of wastewater, it is
suggested whether primary, secondary and tertiary treatment will
be carried out before final disposal.
The project work has been carried out revolves around the analysis
of the available waste-water treatment plant and the sewage
characteristics at influent and effluent, comparing the values
obtained from testing’s against the standard values of treated
waste-water to keep a check over the disposal of effluent and
sludge.
 REFERENCE
1)www.academia.in
2)www.google.com
3)link.springer.com
4)www.biotecharticles.com
5)www.epoline.com
6)www.scieblo.er.in
7)www.researchgate.net
8)www.health.gov.in
9)www.tsijournerals.com
10)www.sciencedirect.com
11)www.engpaper.in
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15)www.unwater.org