Multistage and combining

networks
 CONTENT

S.NO NAME OF THE TOPICS NUMBER OF SLIDES

1. INTRODUCTION OF MULTISTAGE 4
NETWORK

2. OMEGA NETWORK 2

3. HOW OMEGA NETWORK IS 4

CONSTRUCTED?

4. CONCLUSION 1

5. REFERENCES 1
 Multistage network

• Multistage network is used to build larger multiprocessor

systems.
• It consist of more than one stages of small interconnection
elements called switching elements and links interconnecting
them.
• It is composed of processing elements on one end and the
memory on the other end of the network.
 Multistage network can be classified into two types:
• Blocking
• Non-blocking

 Blocking: This type of network cannot realize all possible

connections between inputs and outputs. This is because a
connection between one free input to another free output is
blocked by an existing connection in network.
 Non-blocking: A non-blocking network can connect any idle
input to any idle output, regardless of the connections already
established across the network. Crossbar is an example of this
type of network.
 Omega network

 An Omega network is a network configuration often used in

parallel computing architectures. It is an indirect topology that
relies on the perfect shuffle interconnection algorithm.
 An n*n omega network, using 2*2 switch contains
 n input
 Number of stages in an omega network=𝑙𝑜𝑔2 n
 Number of switch in a stage=n/2
 Total number of switches used= n/2 (𝑙𝑜𝑔2 n )
 Example of an omega network

• 8*8 omega network using 2*2 switches

• Number of stages= 3
• Number of switch in a stage=4
• number of inputs=8
• Total number of switches used=12
. S1 S2 S3
000 2*2 000
001 001
010 010
011 011

100 100
101 101

110 110
111 111
• Circular left shift- circular shift is an operation similar to
shift except that the bits that fall off at one end are put back to
the other end.In left rotation, the bits that fall off at left end are
put back at right end.

• Example -

0 0 1

0 1 0
. S1 S2 S3
000 2*2 000
001 001
010 010
011 011

100 100
101 101

110 110
111 111
 Conclusion

• Crossbar switch is better when it comes to interconnect a

group of incoming lines to a set of outgoing lines in an
arbitrary way.
Number of crosspoints used in crossbar =𝑛2 (number of
CPUs).
• Omega network requires n/2 (𝑙𝑜𝑔2 n) switches which is far
better than using 𝑛2 crosspoints.
 Reference

• “Advanced computer architecture” by Kai Hwang & Naresh

Jotwani.
THANK YOU