Lecture 2

Operational Amplifier: IC 741

Pin Diagram:
Pin Description
 Pin No 7 & 4: Power Supply Pins used to provide dc
power
 Pin No. 1 & 5: Used to make Offset error zero.
 Pin No. 6: Output Pin used to take output.
 Pin No. 8: Not connected:
 Pin No. 2: Inverting Input
Pin Description
 Pin No. 3: Non Inverting I/P
 Symbol of Op-Amp
+VCC

2 _
Inverting Input V2 7

6
Vid VOUT
3
Non-Inverting Input V1 +
4

-VEE
Vid = Differential Input Voltage = V1 – V2

A = Open Loop Voltage Gain

Vout = A x Vid Vout = A x (V1 – V2)
O/P = Gain x I/P
Characteristics of Practical Op-amp

Output Offset Voltage: It is the voltage present at the

output terminal when both the inputs are grounded.
In ideal case, it should be 0.
+VCC
2 _ 7
6 VOUT(offset)
3
+
4
-VEE
Characteristics of Practical Op-amp
Input Offset Voltage: It is the voltage that must be
applied between input terminals to null the output.
+VCC
Rs
2 _ 7
Vdc2 Vio 6 VOUT
Rs 3
+
4
Vdc1 -VEE

Vio = Vdc1 – Vdc2

Characteristics of Practical Op-amp
Input Offset Current: The algebraic difference between
the currents flowing into inverting and non-inverting
terminals is called as input offset current.

+VCC
IB2
2 _ 7
6 VOUT
IB1
3
+
4
-VEE
Characteristics of Practical Op-amp
Input Bias Current: It is average of the currents flowing
into the inverting and non – inverting inputs of
operational amplifier.

+VCC
IB2
2 _ 7
6 VOUT
IB1
3
+
4
-VEE