AUTOMATIC CLOTHES LINE

DRIVING SYSTEM
 AIM OF PROJECT
The aim of the system is to retrieve in the
clothesline from outside to a sheltered space at
a fixed distance inside during rain and night. The
system moves to outside after rain and during
the day time.
 APPLICATIONS
• The project has a very important domestic
application. The hectic task of dragging the
clothes from outside to inside a sheltered
place during rain and at night is achieved
without any human intervention.
 BLOCK DIAGRAM
POWER SUPPLY
0-5V POWER SUPPLY
0-12V
BUZZER

RAIN SENSOR MICROCONTROLLER RELAY 1 DC

PIC16F73A GEARED
MOTOR
RELAY 2
LDR

IR SENSOR
 WORKING
The rain sensor placed outside senses the
raindrops falling on its surface and sends this
information to microcontroller which is the
controlling unit of the system. Also LDR or Light
Dependent resistor varies its resistance during
day time and at night. At night or darkness this
information is send to MCU. Microcontroller is
programmed accordingly and reacts to inputs.
It operates DC motor using relay interface.
When rain or darkness is detected dc motor
drives the clothes line inside to a distance of
approximately 2 meters. The moving of clothes
line is achieved using a mechanical system of
wheels and a 2m track of aluminum. Two IR
sensors are placed at two ends of track which
indicates an obstacle so that dc motor stops
after it moves through 2m. When rain stops or
sunshine comes back the clothesline moves to
outside through the same track. A buzzer is
connected as output which sounds when the
motor is operating or clothesline is moving.
 SYSTEM SPECIFICATIONS
Distance to which clothes line moves = 2m
Weight that system tolerates = 5 Kg
Power supplies required = 12V and 5V
 POWER SUPPLY
The relays need 12V supply to operate 12V dc
Geared motor.
The rain sensor, LDR, microcontroller etc. needs
5V supply.
12 V
DC
RAIN SENSOR SPECIFICATIONS

Power supply = 5v

Size 4.00 *5 cm

Analog output

Digital output

high when no rain

low when rain

In built comparator LM393

 LIGHT DEPENDENT RESISTOR

Light controlled variable resistor (220-220K )

• Resistance decreases with increasing light

intensity and increases with decreasing

light intensity
 MICROCONTROLLER PIC 16F73A

• Features of in built ADC and available in

various pin packages (14,18,28,40 etc.)
• 28 pin PIC is selected in this project since
it meets all the requirements
• The clock frequency of crystal oscillator is
chosen to be 4 MHz
Execution speed = (1 / clock frequency) *4
= 1 µs
which is very fast for the project
• Power supply 5V
• The programming is embedded C
PIN OUT DIAGRAM
 TRANSISTOR BC 548

• Npn bipolar transistor

• Maximum current gain is 800

• Low current (maximum 500 mA )

• Low voltage (maximum 65 V)

• h f e = 110-220
BUZZER
A Piezo electric buzzer is connected to MCU via

a transistor acting as a switch. When a high

output comes from microcontroller to base of

the transistor it turns ON making output and the

Buzzer rings.
INTERFACING LDR WITH MICROCONTROLLER
Also there is a transistor which acts as a switch in
response to output from comparator and provides
a 0 or 1 output to microcontroller.
For BC 548 I c = 2 mA ,h f e = 110
Vcc – Ic Rc – Vce =0
Rc = (Vcc- Vce)/Ic
Vcc = 5v Vce = 0.2v (on or saturation)
Rc = 10k
I b = Ic / h fe = 10µA
Vb – V be – Ib Rb = 0
Vb = 5v(logic 1)
V be = 0.7 v
R b = 4.7 k
During day time light falling on LDR is high and its

resistance will be low.

say it is 220 ᾨ (LDR is 220- 220Kohms)

Voltage across transistor = Vcc * (220)/(220+ R )

= 5 * (220)/(220+R)
Microcontroller will produce an action at active low

Input or at 0 logic state at input. During day time

no need is there to pull the stand inside .

So microcontroller input should be 1 or transistor input should be

low (less than 0.6 V)

At night LDR resistance will be high i.e. 220 K ohms

Voltage to transistor = Vcc * (220K)/(220K+R)

Microcontroller needs to take an action or an active low input

Should be there . So voltage to transistor must be high

Comparing the conditions in 1 and 2

R should be 100 K
INTERFACING OF MICROCONTROLLER WITH THE RELAYS
The output of the microcontroller is connected to the transistor and
then given to the relays as shown in the figure. The two relays act as
electromagnetic switches.
The relay consists of a coiled rod. One end of this coil is given to +12v
and the other end is given to the output of transistor.
Relay has three other terminals which are NC(normally
closed),NO(normally open),and the Common.
NO is given +12V and NC is grounded for both the relays.
DC geared motor used here requires +12 V for its functioning.
When coil is powered up in one of the relays ,the rod acts as a magnet
and due to the attraction the common gets separated from NC and gets
connected to the NO. So the motor gets +12 V .
Now for the circuit to become complete ,ground must be provided to
the motor by the other relay. This is achieved when common is
connected with the NC(ground).
The motor will run only when the two outputs of the microcontroller
are different i.e; one is high and the other is low.
If both are same(say high),the motor will not run.
THANK YOU