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PROJECTION
What is Isometric Projection ???
Isometric projection is a type of pictorial
projection in which the three
dimensions of a solid are not only
shown in one view, but their actual
sizes can be measured directly from it.
(c) All the other lines representing the edges of the cube are
parallel to one or the other of the above three lines and are
also equally foreshortened.
(d) The diagonal BD of the top face is parallel its true length.
Terms used in Isometric Projection
• The three lines CB, CD and CG meeting at the point C
and making 120° angles with each other are termed
isometric axes.
The view obtained will be exactly of the same shape but larger in
proportion (about 22.5%) than that obtained by the use of the
isometric scale.
• The view drawn with the true scale is called isometric drawing or
isometric view, while that drawn with the use of isometric scale is
called isometric projection.
Isometric View
• The vertical edges are shown by vertical lines
(iii) Locate the six points of the base of the frustum on the sides
of
the bottom of the box. The upper six points on the top surface
of the box are located by drawing isometric lines, e.g. P1 and Q1
intersecting at a point 1.
(iv) Join the corners and complete the isometric view as shown.
Draw the isometric view of a cone, base 40 mm diameter
and axis 55 mm long (i) when its axis is vertical and (ii)
when its axis is horizontal.
Isometric View: Rectangle/Square
H
D
RECTANGLE D
A D A
C C
A
B C B B
B
Isometric View: Triangle
1
TRIANGLE
H
3 B
B 1 3
A A
3
1
2 A 2
2
4
D 4
D
E
A D A
1 3
3 A C
C
2 3 B B
B C 2 2
Isometric View: Circle
A B
3 4
D C
1
Isometric View: Irregular Shape
The isolines B–2, D–2, C–3, E–3, G–4, F–4, H–5, H–6 and A–7 has the same length as in
original shape, e.g., B–2 in isometric = B–2 in irregular shape.
Axis length 4
H E
1 D
3
C
B
2
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
HEXAGONAL PRISM Axis length
STANDING ON H.P.
Isometric View: Pyramid
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
PENTAGONAL PYRAMID
STANDING ON H.P.
(Height is added from center of pentagon)
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF BASE OF
PENTAGONAL PYRAMID
STANDING ON H.P.
4
4
D
D E
E
1 3 1 3
A C
A C
B
2
B
2
Isometric View: Pyramid
Isometric View: Prism
Isometric View: Cone
A B
3 4
O
D C
1
CYLINDER STANDING ON H.P.
Isometric View: Cylinder
• D-4=d’-4’
M-N
Solids with Non-Isometric Faces
A SQUARE PYRAMID OF 40 MM BASE SIDES AND 60 MM AXIS IS CUT BY AN INCLINED SECTION
PLANE THROUGH THE MID POINT OF AXIS AS SHOWN. DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF SECTION OF
PYRAMID.
3’ 4’
3 1’2’
X Y
1 a d
1
4
2
o
3
b 2 c
A pentagonal pyramid of base side 30 mm and axis length 65 mm is resting on HP on
its base with a side of base perpendicular to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 30° to HP
and perpendicular to VP and passes through a point at a distance 30 mm from the
apex. Draw the isometric view of the remaining portion of the pyramid.