 God – conversion of natives to

Christianity
 Gold – accumulation of wealth
 Glory – to become more powerful
A religious strategy that had been earlier
used in Latin America
 Relocation of scattered Barangay
communities into a fewer, larger and
more compact settlements within the
hearing distance of the church bells
 •There was increasing concentration of
wealth among the large landowners — the
Spaniards, especially the religious orders,
the Spanish and Chinese mestizos, the
native Principalia — and poverty and
landlessness among the masses.
 •This inequality, coupled with abuses and
injustices committed by the Spanish friars
and officials gave rise to Philippine
nationalism and eventually the Revolution of
1896
 The Inspeccion General de Minas by Royal
Decree in 1837
 •was the first Philippine Mining Law, created
the Inspeccion General de Minas under the
Governor-General for the purpose of
administering all mining activities in the
colony.
 •In 1864 the Lepanto Mine was opened and
marked the first full scale mining operation
that produced gold and copper.
 Commission de Flora de Filipinas, 1876
 •or the Philippine Flora commission Flora
de Filipinas
 •known to Filipino bibliophiles as an
oversized set of books, published in the 19th
Century, contains obsolete text and timeless
illustration of Phillipine flowers as classified
by the Augustinian botanist Manuel Blanco.
 Comision Agronomica de Filipinas, 1881
 •or the Agronomic Commission of the
Philippines.
 SPANISH DIRECTORS OF LA GRANJA
MODELO DE LUZON
 •Since the creation of La Granja Modelo
de Luzon in 1874, it was initially under the
tight watch of Spanish company, Coteron
y Compania. However, Spanish colonial
government had also strong influence
over the granja's operations.
 •When La Granja was transferred its
control to La Comision Agronomica de
Filipinas in 1881, Spanish government
through the Ministerio de Ultramar
(Ministry of Colonies) in Madrid, started
to appoint Spanish directors whom they
holding a degree of ingeniero agronomo
(equivalent to the present degree of
Agricultural Engineer) or other related
degrees.
 Jose Alemany Penalva
 •first director of La Granja Modelo de Luzon.
 •Native of Alicante, Alicante province.
 •He was initially appointed as catedratico (professor)
of agriculture in now defunct Instituto de Baeza. And
later appointed as secretary of Junta de Agricultura
Industria of Castellon province.
 •Due to his extensive experience in agriculture, he
was sent to the Philippines in 1881; and he was
appointed as secretary of Junta de Agricultura de
Manila. In the same year also, he was appointed as
first director of La Granja Modelo de Luzon, whom is
still located in San Isidro, Nueva Ecija.
 Mariano de Castro Gavalda
 •native of Madrid, he obtained his degree of perito
catastro (cadastral expert) in now defunct Escuela
Especial de la Topografia Catastral.
 •He sailed to the Philippines in 1883. During his
tenure, he oversaw the transfer of the granja from San
Isidro, Nueva Ecija to the foothills of Mt. Arayat in
Magalang, Pampanga
 •After a year, the granja joined the Exposicion
General de las Islas Filipinas held in Madrid in 1887.
However, Don Mariano didn't see the success of the
granja after he oversaw its transfer, he died in
Magalang in the same year. After his death, la granja
won the prestigious diploma honor award
 When Americans took over the Philippines,
they initially appointed American military
officers as provisional directors of the
granja under Bureau of Agriculture.

When la granja was converted into

Pampanga Agricultural School in 1918, it
was headed by a school principal appointed
by the Bureau of Education.
 Itwas later headed by a school
superintendent in 1938 when it was
converted into a national institution

Until 1974, when the school was

converted into Pampanga Agricultural
College, it was headed by a college
president appointed directly by the
president of the Philippine
 And until 2015, when the college once more converted into
Pampanga State Agricultural University, it was headed by the
university president, appointed by the president of the
Philippines. The present university president is Dr. Honorio M.
Soriano, Jr.

Comision Especial de Estudios Geologicos y Geograficos de

Filipinas, 1885.
•of the Special Commission of Geological and Geographical
Studies of the Philippines.

Comision de Estudios de las Aguas Minero Medicinales, 1884.

•or the Commission of Studies of Medicinal Mining Waters.
 Leoncio Lopez Rizal
•"Scientific and Technical Organization in the Philippine
Islands"
 •Dr.Leoncio Rizal Lopez was a physician, who taught at the
College of Medicine of the University of Santo Tomas.
 •He was a member of the Jose Rizal National Centennial
Commission, during which he amassed a volume of
literature about Dr. Jose Rizal.
 The Meteorological Studies done at the Observatory,
notably by Jose Algue Sanllei, became world renowned.
Some were subjects of discussion at International
Meteorological Congresses and were published in the
Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society in London.
 John N. Schumacher
 • "One Hundred Years of Jesuit Scientists: The Manila
Observatory 1865-1965"
 • entered the society of Jesus on 30 July 1944, arriving
in the Philippines four years later to undertake
philosophical studies at the Sacred Heart Novitiate.
•He was ordained to the priesthood on 22 June 1957.
•In 1964 he became part of the pioneer faculty of the
Loyola House of studies, which would become the
Loyola School of Theology. Where he devoted over
forty years to impact church history to generation of
Jesuit, seminarians and students.
 •Father Jack, as he was known.
 At the End of Spanish Regime
 • the Philippines had evolved into a primary agricultural
exporting economy.
 • progress in agriculture had been made possible by some
government support for research and education in this field.
• the entry of foreign capital and technology which brought
about the modernization of some sectors, notably sugar and
hemp production.
 •lack of interest and support for research and development
of native industries like weaving, for example, eventually led
to their failure to survive the competition with foreign
imports.
 •because of necessity and the social prestige attached to
university education, medicine and pharmacy remained the
most developed science-based professions during the
Spanish regime.