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Parameters: The various terms that relates voltages and currents are called parameters.
In a two port network four variables are available, they are V1,V2,I1 and I2.
Out of four variables we have to take two has dependent variables and another two has independ
variables.
Reciprocal network: When two port network is linear and has no dependent sources, the two
Port network is said to be reciprocal. This mean that if the points of excitation and response are
interchanged the impedance remains the same.
Z-parameters (or) Impedance parameters: A two port network can be voltage driven or current
driven . The terminal voltages can be related to terminal currents as
V1 Z11 I1 Z12 I 2 (1)
V2 Z 21 I1 Z 22 I 2 (2)
Or in matrix form as
V1 Z11 Z12 I1 I1
V Z I Z I (3)
2 21 Z 22 2 2
The values of the parameters can be evaluated by setting I1=0 (input port open circuited) or I2 =0
(output port open circuited) as shown in Fig.
V1 V1
Z11 (4) Z 21 (6)
I1 I2 I1 0
I2 0
V2 V2
Z 21 (5) Z 22 (7)
I1 I I2 I1 0
2 0
Or in matrix form as
I1 Z11 Z12 V1 V1
I Z V Y V (10)
2 21 Z 22 2 2
The values of the parameters can be evaluated by setting I1=0 (input port open circuited) or I2 =0
(output port open circuited) as shown in Fig.
I1 I1
Y11 (11) Y12 (13)
V1 I2 0
V2 V1 0
I2 I2
Y21 (12) Y22 (14)
V1 I2 0
V2 V1 0
In matrix form
V1 h11 h12 I1 I1
I h V h V (10)
2 21 22 2
h 2
I2 I2
h21 (12) h22 (14)
I1 V2 I1 0
V2 0
V2 g 21V1 g 22 I 2 (9)
In matrix form
I1 I1
g11 (11) g12 (13)
V1 I2 V1 0
I2 0
V2 V2
h21 (12) h22 (14)
V1 I2 V1 0
I2 0
V1 AV2 BI 2 (8)
I1 CV2 DI 2 (9)
In matrix form
V1 A B V2 V2
I C D I T I (10)
1 2 2
The values of the parameters are determined as
V1 V1
A (11) B (13)
V2 I 2 V 0
I2 0 2
I1 I1
C (12) D (14)
V2 I2 V2 0
I2 0
In matrix form
V2 a b V1 V1
I c d I t I (10)
2 1 1
I2 I2
C (12) D (14)
V1 I1 V1 0
I1 0
Problem 2:: Determine the Z-parameters for the circuit in below Fig.(chakrabarthi)
Y11=0.6 S,Y21= 0.2 S,Y12= 0 S, Y22=0.2 S. Y11=1/2 S,Y21= -1/2 S,Y12= -1/2 S,
Y22=4s2 +4s+1/8s2 +2.
Y Z
1
(4)
adjZ
Z
1
Z
Z Z12
adjZ 22 (5)
21
Z Z 11
Z 22 Z Z Z
Y11 , Y21 21 , Y12 12 , Y22 11
Z Z Z Z
Express Z-parameters in terms of ABCD-parameters:
In Z-parameters the V and I parameters are related as follows
V1 Z11I1 Z12 I 2 (1)
V2 Z 21I1 Z 22 I 2 (2)
I1 CV2 DI 2 (5)
From eq(5)
1 D
V2 I1 I 2 (6)
Sub eq(6) in eq(4) C C
1 D
V1 I1 I 2 A BI 2
C C
A AD BC
V1 I1 I 2 (7)
C C
Comparing (6) (7) with (1) (2) respectively.
A AD BC
Z11 , Z12
C C
1 D
Z 21 , Z 22
C C
Express Y-parameters in terms of h-parameters:
In Y-parameters the V and I parameters are related as follows
I1 Y11V1 Y12V2 (1)
1 h h h h h h
Y11 , Y12 12 , Y21 21 , Y22 11 22 12 21
h11 h11 h11 h11