Ch.

7: Communication
What is it?
● Defined as information sharing
● Sender POV: process of using info to
influence another
● Receiver POV: process for interpreting
and responding to information
Oral Communication
Spoken word, takes place through face-to-
face conversation, meetings, telephone
conversations, and formal speeches

● Pros: fast, usually more personal,

immediate feedback from others
● Cons: can be time consuming, too
spontaneous, difficult to terminate,
harder to document
Types of Oral Communication
● Exposition: give information to cause comprehension
● Entertainment: all communications involves entertainment either as an end in
itself or means to accomplish
● Facilitation: Assistance
● Persuasion: Can be informative, entertain, and facilitate
Nonverbal
Communication

● This is our movements,

strength, expressions, gestures,
and even our clothes.

● Being proficient at sending

and receiving nonverbal
signals is essential to
developing social competence.
Listening
Is an active process that includes not only hearing, but also understanding and
judging.

Ways to improve listening skills:

● Spend less time talking

● Listen to be influenced
● Ask more open-ended questions
● Paraphrase often to confirm understanding
● Do not finish other people’s sentences
● Block out distracting noises
● Learn to take good notes
Meetings
● Success depends on the planning and
preparation for the meeting

During a meeting:

1. Make sure to start on time

2. Review agenda
3. Hear from individuals with preassigned tasks
4. Encourage participant input
5. Keep the meeting on track
6. Summarize and review assignments and
deadlines
7. End on time
Public Relations and
the Media
● Public relations are those communication
endeavors that enable favorable and
productive relations with others.

● This can be a valuable resource for a

recreation leader responsible for favorable
and productive relations with others.
Ch 8 Leading Change and
Innovation
 In order for a leader to influence people, they must
promote continuous innovation and change.

Leaders have a vision of the future and provide direction for getting
there
Innovative Change
● Change: Any alteration of the status quo
● Innovation: A new idea applied to improving something
○ Ranges from radical new procedures to small improvements
● What influences change?
○ Economic conditions
○ Competition
○ Technology
Why Do Change Initiatives fail?
● 70% of initiatives in organizations fail
● Reasons?
○ Staff un-alignment
○ Stifled staff initiative
○ Poor organizational communication
○ The general human tendency of resistance to change.
Leadership for Change
Change management is a key characteristic of leadership.

1. Be a creative thinker
2. Line up a powerful coalition
3. Develop and communicate vision
4. Create sense of urgency
5. Develop action plan that empowers others
6. Remove obstacles
7. Implement change
8. Facilitate more change
9. Institutionalize changes
10. Evaluate and celebrate
Early Days, Quick Wins
Additional strategies that can be useful in creating change

● Major changes and innovations in particular can take time, risking that those
involved will lose focus or give up
● One way to maintain momentum is to include smaller, easily successful, and
quick projects or phases in the plan