GOVT.

SRI KRISHNARAJENDRA SILVER JUBILEE TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE

KR CIRCLE , BENGALURU-01

ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY INDEX

OF MADIWALA LAKE AND MALATHALLI LAKE
IN BENGALURU CITY

PRESENTED BY:

CHANDAN B K 1SK16CV011
HARSHA C D 1SK16CV014
AJAY KUMAR H R 1SK16CV004
SAGAR N S 1SK16CV033

UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF

Asst. Prof Mrs. PAVITHRA N
DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING
 ABSTRACT
 INTRODUCTION
 OBJECTIVES
 LITERATURE REVIEW
 METHODOLOGY
 REFERENCES
 Water quality index is valuable and unique rating to depict the overall
water quality status in single term that is helpful for selection of
appropriate treatment technique meet the concerned issues.
 Madiwala lake sees a huge number of Spot Billed Pelican migration in
the winter of every year, and it spreads over an area of 114.3 hectares.
Recently we have witnessed the death of thousands of snails in the
lake due to storm water from drainage. The
lake is filled with algae and thick layer of sludge settled at bottom,
which has high level of toxic heavy metals.
 Malathalli lake situated between Magadi road and Outer Ring road,
suffers from excessive garbage dumping and misuse especially during
festivities.
 Hence, in this study we analyse the portability of the lake water by
using water quality index method from which suitable suggestions can
be made for the treatment and maintenance of lakes.
 The objectives of the present project study is:

 To collect different water samples in all three seasons (summer,

winter, rainy) for determining physcio–chemical parameters such as
pH, Total Hardness, Total dissolved solids, Total alkalinity, chlorides,
BOD, Nitrates, Phosphates, Fluorides, Dissolved oxygen.

 Water quality index is calculated and obtained results is compared

with IS 10500 -1992.

 The current study is going to be helpful in proper planning and

managing of available water resource for drinking purpose.
 1)” WATER QUALITY INDEX ASSESSMENT OF GROUND WATER IN
JAKKUR SUB WATERSHED OF BANGLORE”.
 M Inayathulla and Jai M paul

 According to their study water quality index(WQI) is a single number that

expresses the quality of water by integrating the water quality parameters.
 The main objective of this research is to provide information on the physcio-
chemical characteristics of ground water in order to discuss its suitability for
human consumption based on computed WQI values.
 The present literature deals with monitoring of variation of seasonal ground
water quality index of ground water for Jakkur sub watershed in banglore
 The WQI value of ground water obtained from this research was 84.46 for rainy
season,77.14 for winter season and 91.22 for summer season.
 Based on table given by Ramakrishnaiah-2009,Bhaven-2011,srinivasa kushtagi-
2012 they conclude that water quality index is within 50-100 so the quality of
water was found to be good in and around jakkur sub watershed.
2)” WATER QUALITY INDEX ASSESSMENT OF RIVER CAUVERY
IN TIRUCHIRAPPALLI DISTRICT, TAMILNADU”.
S.Kalavathy, T. Rakesh Sharma , P. Sureshkumar.

 According to their study, the water quality of river Cauvery in

Tiruchirappalli dist. was monitored for 3 months (Jan-Mar, 2009).
 Water samples were assessed by analysing the various physico-
chemical parameters, such as pH, TDS, total hardness, total alkalinity,
DO, BOD, nitrates, chloride, sulphate and calcium.
 These 10 parameters were considered to compute the water quality
index(WQI).
 The WQI reveals the water of river Cauvery to be polluted moderately
in the upstream of the city and unfit for human consumption towards
down stream.
 From their study, WQI for all the 3 months obtained was between 76-
100, which indicates severely polluted.
 They concluded that there is detorioration of river water, which confirms
urbanization along the river banks and it is the main cause for pollution.
 Water is a prime natural resources and precious national asset
forms to chief constituent to ecosystem. It may be mainly in form of
river, lake etc.
 The availability of quality water on surface lake have been
deteriorated due to some important factors like increase in
population, industrialization, urbanization etc.
 The water quality of any specific area or source can be accessed
using physical, chemical and biological parameters. The values of
there parameters are harmful for human health if it is not within
permissible limits.
 Therefore suitability of water sources for human consumption has
been described in terms of water quality index(WQI).
 The present study reviews some of important water quality indices
used in water quality assessment and provides their mathematical
structure, set of parameters and calculations along with their merits
 and demerits.
 Water quality index(WQI) developed by Horton in 1965 in US by
selecting 10 most commonly used water quality parameters like DO,
pH, coliforms, specific conductance, alkalinity, chloride etc.
 A new WQI similar to Horton’s index has also been developed by
the group of brown in 1970 which was based on weights if individual
parameters.
 WQI approach based on 3 steps
 A) Parameter selection
 B) Determination of quality function of each parameter(sub index)
 C) Sub indices aggregation with mathematical Expressions.
 Water Quality Index has been calculated using standards of drinking water
quality recommended by WHO, BIS and ICMR.
 The WQI calculation is done using “WEIGHTED ARITHEMETIC INDEX”.

 Calculation of Water Quality Index (WQI);

 WQI=
 where,
qn is a quality rating of nth parameter
w is unit weight of nth parameter.

Calculation of quality rating (qn);

qn =100*((Vn-Vio)/(Sn-Vio))
where,
qn is quality rating of nth quality parameter
Vn is observed value of nth parameter
Sn is standard permissible value of nth parameter
Vio is ideal value of nth parameter in pure water
 NOTE: All the ideal values(Vio) are taken as zero for drinking
water except for pH=7.0, Dissolved Oxygen=14.6mg/l, and
Fluoride=1 mg/l.

Calculation of unit weight (Wn);

Wn=K/Sn
where,
Wn is the unit weight of nth parameter
Sn is the standard value for nth parameter
K is the constant for proportionality and is given
as( kalavathy,2011)
K=1/(1/S1+1/S2+1/S3+----+1/Sn)
 Drinking Water Standards Recommending Agencies and Unit Weights

Standard Permissible Recommended

Sl.No Parameters 1/Sn Unit Weight
Value (Sn) Agency
1 PH 8.5 ICMR/BIS 0.118 0.087
2 TDS (mg/L) 500 ICMR/BIS 0.002 0.002
3 Total Alkalinity (mg/L) 120 ICMR 0.008 0.006
4 Total Hardness(mg/l) 300 ICMR/BIS 0.003 0.002
5 Fluorides(mg/l) 1.5 BIS 0.667 0.49
6 Chlorides(mg/l) 250 ICMR 0.004 0.003
7 Nitrate (mg/L) 45 ICMR/BIS 0.022 0.016
8 BOD(mg/l) 3 BIS 0.333 0.245
9 DO(mg/l) 6 ICMR/BIS 0.2 0.147

Water quality classification based on WQI values

Class WQI value Water Quality Status

I <50 Excellent

II 50-100 Good Water

III 100-200 Poor water

IV 200-300 Very poor water

V >300 Water unsuitable for drinking

 M. INAYATHULLA and JAIM. PAUL(2013) International journal of Civil,
Structural, Environmental and Infrastructure Engineering Research and
Development. ISSN 2249-6866 Vol. 3, Issue 1, Mar 2013, 99-108.
 IS 10500:2012 Drinking Water-Specification.
 Brown R. M, N.J. Mccleiland, R.A. Deiniger, M.F.A. Oconnor(1972).
Water quality index-crossing the physical barier, Proc. Int. Conf. On
water pollution research, Jerusalem, 6, 787-797.
 ICMR Manual of standards of quality for drinking water supplies(1975).
ICMR, New Delhi.
 Kalavathy S., T. Rakesh Sharma and P. Sureshkumar (2011), Water
quality index River Cauvery in Tiruchirappalli district, Tamilnadu, Arch.
Environ. Sci., 5, 55-61.
 Ramakrishnaiah C.R, C. Sadashivaiah and G. Ranganna (2009).
Assessment of Watre quality index for the ground water in Tumkur
Taluk, Karnataka State, India; E-Journal of Chemistry, 6(2), 523-530.
 Srinivasa Kushtagi and Padaki Srinivasa (2012). Studies on
chemistry and Water quality index of ground water in Chincholi
Taluk, Gulbarga district, Karnataka India, International Journal of
Environmental Sceince, 2, 1154-1160.
 Yogendra K. and E.T. Puttaiah (2008). Determination of water
quality index and suitability of an Urban water body, Shimoga Town,
Karnataka, Proceedings of 12th world Lake Conference 342-346.
 APHA (2005) Standard method for examination of water and
wastewater, 21st edition APHA, AWWA, WPCF, Washington
WHO(1992). International Standards for drinking water. World
Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland.