Drivetest

Tools

• Mobile TEMS Pocket W600i

• GPS
• Compass
• Inverter – input 12V, Output 220 V ac, 400 W
• TEMS Software 7.1.1 Data Collection
• TEMS Software 7.1.1 Route Analisys
• Map Info
 Work Process

Cell File (TEMS)

Collect Database
And
Drive Test
OMC Parameter RF Network Design Dot Tab Site (mapinfo) Measurements

Site Check

Coverage

Dropped Calls

Call Setup Success

Verification of
RF Network Design
Handover Perf.
Analysis Programs
Speech Quality

General Check
 Test Mobile Measurements

• Collect RxLev measurements together with GPS co-ordinates

• Analyse on planning tool
• Reasons for poor coverage:
– serving cell not best server
• handover problems
– best server signal low
• check site / network design
• Analyse in terms of relevant
thresholds:
– indoor level
– in-car level
– outdoor level
 Test Types

• Continuous drive test

– setup a test call and drive over an area for detecting lack of
coverage, missing handovers, interferences etc.
• Spot test
– detail measurement to be taken at dedicated problem spots for
detail analyzing of specific problem
 Collect / Analyse Drive Test Measurements

• Test measurement (TEMS etc. together with a GPS)

– Signal Strength
– Co-channel and adjacent interference
– Handover relations

• Test types
– Continuos drive test (Trace mode)
– Spot test
– Network performance test (Statistical mode)

• Test Measurement
– Collect MS measurement report data (Downlink only!!)
 Analysis Programs

Coverage: Analysis for Fulfilment of Coverage

Requirements (Urban, rural ...
areas, outdoor, in-car, indoor)
Dropped Call: Analysis for Dropped Calls due to
Interference, SW/HW failures,
Transmission Network Failures
Call Setup: Analysis for Blocking and Capacity
Limitations, Analysis for Resource
Allocation Procedures
Handover: Analysis for Efficient Handover
Performance
Speech Quality: Analysis for Interference
 Dropped Call Analysis

• How to measure
– drive tests
• repeated call setups (preferred)
• continuous calls
– OMC measurements
• Reasons for dropped calls
– lack of coverage
– interference problems
– handover problems
– lack of synchronisation in network
– problems with other parts of the network
 Call Setup Analysis

• Reasons for failed call setups

– lack of coverage
– database problems
• database inconsistencies
• parameter settings, e.g.
– RXLEV_ACCESS_MIN, RACHBT,
RACH_MAX_RETRANS
– cell reselection related parameters
– network congestion
 Handover Parameters

• Fine-tuning of handover parameters

– Moving cell boundaries in order to
• Enhance success rate for critical handovers
• Minimise local interference at the cell edge
• Traffic load sharing between cells
– Compared to other opimisation measures improvement potential
is limited
– Affected by
• Measurement averaging PS! Neighbours
• Power control parameters should in general
be mutual
 Speech Quality Analysis

• Parameters • Causes of interference

– RxQual – co-channel interference
– Frame Erasure Rate (FER) – adjacent channel
– Speech Quality Index (SQI) interference
• Measurements – intermodulation
– Drive test • mainly on one link only
• preferably continuous call – multipath interference
– OMC statistics
• Cause for poor quality
– low signal strength (coverage
related
– interference
– low signal strength and
interference
 Location Area Codes

• Purpose
– identify location area
– in incoming call is paged to all BTS’s within LA
• Large location area
– advantage: less location updates (reduced SDCCH load)
– disadvantage: more paging traffic
• Boundaries should not cross high traffic areas
• Cell reselection across LA boundaries
– Parameter Cell_Reselect_Hysteresis (typ. 4 dB) used to avoid
unnecessary signalling due to ping-pong cell reselections
 Problem Symptoms

No service High call drop rate

No coverage RF Network
No System Availability No coverage
Network Element Failures Interference
Transmission Network Failures Handover failure
Fixed Network BSS, SSS
Low call setup success rate Network Element Failure
RF Network Transmission Failures
No coverage Other networks
Interference Mobile terminal
Blocking
Fixed Network BSS, SSS Poor speech quality
RF Network
Blocking
No coverage
Overload
Interference
Other Poor handover performance
Fixed Network BSS, SSS
Network element failure
Transmission network failure
Other networks
Mobile Phone
Reporting (example)
 Advantages over test drives

– Less labor intensive and time consuming

– More comprehensive, based on large number of users
– not limited to time of test drive
– Uplink and Downlink analysis possible
– Subscriber behavior mix of outdoor, indoor, incar use
FINE TUNING
 Tools

• Digital Tilt Meter

• GPS
• Compass
• Spanner
• Screw Driver Set
• Safety Belt
• Adjustable Wrench
• Cutting Pliers
• Mesuring Tape
• Safety Shoe
• Map Info
• Map Source
• Google Earth
 Antenna Configuration

• General points to check

– antenna type, e.g.
• omni
• directional 60, 90 or 120 degrees
• electrical downtilt
• cross-polarised
– antenna azimuth angle (for directional antennae)
• coverage targets
– antenna tilt angle
• electrical + mechanical
– diversity & isolation
• e.g. space diversity,
• polarisation diversity
 Site Check

• Verify that site is implemented according to plan

• Check installation e.g.
– antenna spacing (diversity, isolation)
– antennae in one sector are installed in the same plane Omni
Tx
– antennae alignment
k1
– omni antenna installation k2 k2

– cable installation Rx Rxd

Vertical spacing Horisontal spacing

Alignment of antennas
Rx Tx
Antennas mounted in different planes
Rx

k d

Tx
a= max 15 ° Rx Tx Rxd
a
a
d d d
 Antenna Fine Tuning

• Horizontal Plane:
– Possible coverage weakness between sectors
– Interference reduction
– Traffic load distribution
• Vertical Plane:
– Interference reduction
– Possible coverage weakness in the short to medium distance
range
– Traffic load distribution
 Omni vs. Sectorised

• OMNI cells - more difficult to optimise

– Electrical downtilt possible, however
• same for entire cell
– Parameters same for entire cell
• Directional antennae
– narrower beam  easier to control interference
– tilting less efficient with wider beams

Sectorised cell site with different

downtilt angles
 Tilting

• Antenna downtilt often used to minimise interference

– Minimum: Vertical mail lobe pointing at cell edge

hBS

– Maximum: First null angle pointing at cell edge

 Tilting

• Electrical vs. Mechanical downtilt

0° 0°

Electrical Mechanical
– Advantages:
• Better back lobe characteristics
• Better lower side lobe characteristics A combination of
mechanical / electrical
– Disadvantages: downtilt may be used
• Antennas are more expensive
Reporting (example)
thanks