Department of Civil Engineering

Title
Utilization of waste plastic in manufacturing of paver blocks

Presented by :
Arun V 1RR15CV007
Ashwath M Naik 1RR15CV009
Chethana B 1RR15CV018
Lavanya R 1RR15CV038

Project Guide :
Asst Prof.Gokul G M.Tech (PhD)
 OVERVIEW OF THE PROJECT

Introduction
Scope
Objective
Literature survey
Research significance
Methodology
Work for future
References
INTRODUCTION
Used Plastic bags, pieces of plastic sheets and bottles of diverse
sizes, colors and textures are found flying around freely, scattered in
the streets, swimming in the gutters, posing a serious environmental
threat.

Large quantity of plastic waste is produced every year. Recycle

process and reused of plastic waste products amount for vast
manpower and huge processing cost resultantly very small amount
of plastic waste is recycled and used and rest going into landfills,
incinerators and dumps.

The utilization of waste in the construction industry has two

glaring dividends, one, environmental impact is addressed by
disposal of the waste and second, the economic impact and this
waste has the edge of being available large quantity, everywhere and
at low value.
Increasing Consumption of plastic, i.e. 5 million tones in 1930,
to 100 million tones in recent times which is hazardous to
environment and only 20% is recycled, hence facing disposing
problem.
To decrease the amount of plastic for longer time and with
Eco friendly approach, paver blocks are in the vast
development and research era.
 In the last few years various developments have been
successfully conducted. Experiments have concluded that we
can use our city plastic waste, in the manufacturing of paver
block.
SCOPE
The use of plastic in paver block can give us less
production cost and also helps in smart waste
management.
The physical and mechanical properties of
materials used in Plastic Paver block will be
further investigated. The test cubes are cast for
measuring Compressive strength.
OBJECTIVE
 The main aim is to study the possibility of using plastic waste as a
binding material instead of cement in the manufacturing of paver
blocks.
 The study exhale to manufacture a paving block by low density
polyethylene in hot extrusion process. The measurements of
physical and mechanical properties show that plastic waste paver
blocks and these proportion in plastic gives better results than
concrete paver blocks.
LITERATURE SURVEY
S. Vanitha, V. Natrajan and M. Praba [2017] “Utilization of Waste Plastics as a Partial
Replacement of Coarse Aggregate in Concrete Blocks”
 This paper deals with the reuse of waste plastics as partial replacement of coarse aggregate
in M20 concrete.
 Tests were conducted on coarse aggregates, fine aggregates, cement and waste plastics to
determine their physical properties.
 Paver Blocks and Solid Blocks of size 200 mm X 150 mm X 60 mm and 200 mm X 100
mm X 65 mm were casted and tested for 7, 14 and 28 days strength.
 The result shows that the compressive strength of M20 concrete with waste plastics is 4%
for Paver Blocks and 2% for Solid Blocks.

Nivetha C et.al [2016] “Production of plastic paver blocks from the solid waste”
 The possibility of using plastic waste as a binding material instead of cement in the manufacturing of
paver blocks.
 The study bears on plastics with a Polyethylene terephthalate basis.
 Plastic waste is carried to melt and mixed with a varying proportion of solid waste fly ash and quarry
dust (PET 25-35 % fly ash 25 % and quarry dust 40-50% in weight).
 The measurements of physical and mechanical properties show that plastic waste paver blocks and
these proportion in plastic give’s better results than concrete paver blocks.
Khilesh Sarwe [2014] “ Study of Strength Property of Concrete Using Waste
Plastics and Steel Fibers”

 This study presents the results of addition of waste plastics along with steel fibers with an
objective to seek maximum use of waste plastic in concrete.
 Varying percentages of plastic wastes and another mix of plastics waste/steel fibers to study
the compressive strength at 7 and 28 days strength.
 The combine mix of plastic waste and steel fibers has shown more strength as compared to
concrete mix prep only with plastic waste.
 He has reached to conclusion that a plastic waste of 0.6% weight of cement when used with
steel fiber of 0.3 % (weight of cement) has shown the maximum compressive strength.
Eric AbabioOhemeng [2013] “Utilization of Waste Low Density Polyethylene in High Strengths
Concrete Pavement Blocks”

 The main objective of this research was to investigate the Feasibility of using waste low density
polyethylene as partial replacement for sand in the production of concrete pavement blocks.
 In this study cement, sand, coarse aggregate, and ground plastic were used. The mix proportion was
1: 1.5: 3 (cement: sand: coarse aggregate).
 It was observed that density, compressive strength, flexural strength, and splitting tensile strength
decreased as the plastic content increased.
 However, the water absorption increased as the plastic content increased. Compressive strengths
level ranging from 14.70N/mm2 – 47.29N/mm2 were achieved when water cement ratios of 0.30 –
0.45 were used.

P. Suganthy, Dinesh Chandrasekar, Sathish Kumar. P. K [2013] “ Utilization of Pulverized Plastic in

Cement Concrete as Fine Aggregate”

 This study investigate the application of pulverized fine crushed plastic (produce from melting and
crushing of high density polyethylene) as replacement of fine aggregate in concrete with varying
known percentages.
 Their main focus was on optimum replacement of natural sand by pulverized plastic sand. Five
concrete mixes were produced from specified concrete materials having replacement of fine
aggregate (sand) by 0, 25, 50, 75 and 100% respectively to study the test graph results of various
concrete properties.
 They have also concluded after testing of specimen (having different proportion of plastic
replacement) for Ultimate and yield strength that both strength decreases with increase replacement
of sand with pulverized plastic particles.
RESEARCH SIGNIFICANCE
The following points were observed after reviewing the literature.
The utilization of waste plastic in production of paver block has productive
way of disposal of plastic waste.
The cost of paver block is reduced when compared to that of concrete paver
block.
Paver block made using plastic waste, quarry dust, coarse aggregate and
ceramic waste have shown better result.
It also shows good heat resistance.
It can be used in Non-traffic and light traffic road.
METHODOLOGY

Literature Cooling at
Test for its
room
Survey characteristics
temperature

Collection of Compaction by
Distribution
raw materials hydraulic press

Placing in the
Selection of
mold of Installation
right plastic
required shape

Melting
Mixing in right
By hot proportion
extrusion
WORK FOR FUTURE
TEST FOR CHARACTERISTICS
* Water absorption test
In this the bricks first weighted in dry condition and
they are immersed in water for 24 hours. After that they are
taken out from water and they are wipe out with cloth. Then
the difference between the dry and wet bricks percentage are
calculated.
* Fire resistance test
The Plastic is highly susceptible to fire but in case
of Plastic sand bricks/Paver blocks the presence of sand
imparts insulation. There is no change in the structural
properties of block of bricks up to 180oC above which
visible cracks are seen and the blocks/bricks deteriorate with
increase in temperature.
* Hardness test
In this test a scratch is made on brick surface with
steel rod (any hard material can be used) which was difficult
to imply the bricks or blocks were hard. This shows the
brick possess high quality.
Impact Test
It consists of aggregate impact testing machine. The weight of
hammer in aggregate impact testing machine is 14 kg. During
testing, a steel ball of 2.1 cm was used at center of paver blocks
from top surface. Blows are
applied on each paver blocks till failure occurs.

Test for compressive strength

This is done to know the compressive strength of the
bricks and paver blocks. This is also called crushing strength of
bricks and paver blocks. Generally five specimens of bricks are
taken to laboratory for testing and tested one by one. In this test a
brick and paver block specimen is put on crushing machine and
applied pressure till it breaks. The ultimate pressure at which
brick is crushed is taken into account. All five brick specimens are
tested one by one and
average result is taken as brick's compressive /crushing strength.
The plastic sand bricks and
paver blocks of different ratios are tested one by one and in this
the high compression is found and comparison made between the
fly ash and normal bricks.
REFERENCES
❖ Youcef Ghernouti, Bahia Rabehi, Brahim Safi and Rabah Chaid, “ Use Of Recycled Plastic Bag Waste In
Concrete” Journal of International Scientific Publications: Materials, Methods and Technologies Volume 8, Published
at: http://www.scientific-publications.net
❖ Raghatate Atul M. “Use of plastic in a concrete to improve its properties” International journal of Advance
engineering Research and studies. http://www.technical journals online.com
❖ Praveen Mathew, Shibi Varghese, Thomas paul, Eldho Varghese, “ Recycled Plastic as Coarse Aggregate for
Structural Concrete” International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology vol.
2,Is4sue3,March 2013.
❖ R L Ramesh, Asharani K M, Dhiraj Katari V C, Pruthvi Sagar D S, Sahana R, “ Recycled Plastics used as coarse
aggregate for constructional concrete” SJB Institute of Technology, Bangalore.
❖ Zainab Z. Ismail, Enas A. AL Hashmi, “ Use of waste plastic in concrete mixture as aggregate replacement”,
Department of Environmental Engineering, college of Engineering, University of Baghdad, Iraq.
www.sciencedirect.com.
❖ P. Suganthy, Dinesh Chandrasekar, Sathish Kumar. P. K “ Utilization of Pulverized Plastic in Cement Concrete as
Fine Aggregate” Volume:02 Issue:06 June-2013, http://www.ijret.org
❖ Khilesh Sarwe “ Study of Strength Property of Concrete Using Waste Plastics and Steel Fibers” Department
of Civil Engineering , Jabalpur Engineering College, Jabalpur, India. The International Journal of Engineering
and Science (IJES) /vol 3/Issue/5/Pages/09-11/2014/.
❖ Bhogayata, K. D. Shah, B. A. Vyas, Dr. N. K. Arora “ Performance of concrete by using Non Recyclable plastic
wastes as concrete constituent”, International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology (IJERT) vol. 1 issue 4,
june-2012.
❖ M. Elzafraney, P. Soroushian and M. Deru, “Development of energy Efficient Concrete Buildings Using
Recycled Plastic Aggregate” Journal of Architectural Engineering © ASCE/ December 2005.
❖ Pramod S. Patil, J.R.Mali, Ganesh V. Tapkire, H. R. Kumavat “Innovative Techniques of Waste Plastic Used in
Concrete Mixture” International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology.