Objective:

Verify trigonometric
identities
The domain of an equation
in one or two variables is
the set of all real numbers
or pairs of real numbers for
which both sides of the
equation true when
substituted to the
variable(s).
 A solution or root of an
equation is an element of the
domain that makes the
equation true when
substituted to the
variable(s).
The collection of all the
solutions is the solution set.
 Based on the nature
of its solution set, an
equation can be
classified as either
an identity or a
conditional equation.
An identity is an
equation whose
solution set is its
entire domain.
A conditional
equation is an
equation for which
there is at least one
element in its domain
that is not a solution.
Basic Trigonometric Identities

a) Reciprocal Identities

b) Quotient or Ratio Identities

c) Pythagorean Identities

5.4.3
Reciprocal Identities
1
sin  
csc 
Alternative forms
𝟏
csc 𝜽 =
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽

csc  sin  = 1
5.4.3
Reciprocal Identities
1
cos  
sec 
Alternative forms
𝟏
sec 𝛉 =
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
cos  sec  = 1
5.4.3
Reciprocal Identities
1
tan  
cot 
Alternative forms
𝟏
cot 𝛉 =
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽
cot  tan  = 1
Quotient Identities
sin 
tan  
cos 
Alternative forms
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽 =
𝐭𝐚𝐧 𝜽
cos  tan  = sin 
5.4.3
Quotient Identities
cos 
cot  
sin 
Alternative forms
𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
Sin =
𝐜𝐨𝐭 
cot  sin  = cos 
5.4.3
 Where did our pythagorean identities come from??

Do you remember the Unit Circle?

• What is the equation for the unit circle?
x2 + y2 = 1
What does x = ? What does y = ?
(in terms of trig functions)
Pythagorean
sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 Identity!
Pythagorean Identities
sin 
2 + cos 
2 =1
Alternative forms

sin 
2 = 1- cos 
2

cos  = 1-sin 
2 2
 Take the Pythagorean Identity and
discover a new one!
Hint: Try dividing everything by cos2θ
sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 .
cos2θ cos2θ cos2θ
tan2θ + 1 = sec2θ

Quotient Reciprocal
Identity Identity
another
Pythagorean
Identity
Pythagorean Identities
tan 
2 + 1= sec 
2

Alternative forms

sec 
2 - tan 
2 1
tan 
2 = sec 
2 -1
 Take the Pythagorean Identity and
discover a new one!
Hint: Try dividing everything by sin2θ
sin2θ + cos2θ = 1 .
sin2θ sin2θ sin2θ
1 + cot2θ = csc2θ

Quotient Reciprocal
Identity a third Identity
Pythagorean
Identity
Pythagorean Identities
cot 2 + 1= csc 
2

Alternative forms

cot 
2 = csc 
2 -1
csc 
2 - cot 
2 =1
5.4.3
 Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions
Identities can be used to simplify trigonometric expressions.
Simplify.
cot 2 
cos   sin  tan  1 - sin 
a) sin
b) 2

 cos   sin  cos 2 

cos  sin 2


sin2  cos 2 
 cos  
cos  1
cos 2  1
cos   sin 
2 2
 
 sin  cos 
2 2

cos 
1 1
 
cos  sin 
2

 sec   csc 2 
Simplify each expression.
𝟏
c) 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
= 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
𝟏 𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽
∙
𝐬𝐢𝐧 𝜽 𝐜𝐨𝐬 𝜽
𝟏
𝒄𝒐𝒔 𝜽

Sec 
Simplify each expression.

d)

 1  sin x 
 cos x  
 sin x  cos x 

1
Simplify each expression.

e)

 cos x 
cos x   sin x
 sin x 
2 2
cos x sin x

sin x sin x
cos x  sin x
2 2

sin x
1
sin x

csc x
Simplifying Trigonometric Expressions

f) (1 + tan x)2 - 2 sin x sec x

1
 (1  tan x) - 2 sin x
2

cos x
sin x
 1  2 tan x  tan x - 2
2

cos x

 1  tan x  2tanx - 2 tanx

2

 sec x 2
Simplifing Trigonometric Expressions

g) csc x
tan x  cot x

1
 sin x
sin x cos x

cos x sin x
 1

sin x
sin x  cos x
2 2

sin xcos x
1
 sin x
1
sin x cos x
 1 sin x cos x
 
sin x 1

 cos x