THE COMPONENTS OF

ENVIRONMENT IMPACT
ASSESMENT (EIA)
Depending on nature, location and scale of the project EIA reports
should contain all or some of the following components:-
• LAND ENVIRONMENT
• NOISE ENVIRONMENT
• WATER ENVIRONMENT
• AIR ENVIRONMENT
• VEGETATION
• AESTHETICS
• SOCIO AND HEALTH IMPACT
• RISK ASSESSMENT
• ENVRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN
 LAND ENVIRONMENT
• List out all the major project requirements in terms of the land area, built up area, water consumption, power requirement,
connectivity, community facilities, parking needs etc.
What are the likely impacts of the proposed activity on the existing facilities adjacent to the proposed site?
• Will there be any significant land disturbance resulting in erosion, subsidence &instability? (Details of soil type, slope analysis,
vulnerability to subsidence, etc. may be given).
• The proposal involve alteration of natural drainage systems. You need to provide details.
• The quantities of earthwork involved in the construction activity-cutting, filling, reclamation etc. (Give details of the quantities of
earthwork involved, transport of fill materials from outside the site etc.)
• Give details regarding water supply, waste handling etc. during the construction period
• Will the low lying areas & wetlands get altered?
• Whether construction debris & waste during construction cause health hazard? (Give quantities of various types of wastes
generated during construction including the construction labour and the means of disposal)
 NOISE ENVIRONMENT
• Monitoring the present status of noise levels within the impact zone, and
prediction of future noise levels resulting from the proposed project and
related activities including increase in vehicular movement
• Identification of impacts due to any anticipated rise in noise levels on the
surrounding environment
• Recommendations on mitigation measures for noise pollution
 WATER ENVIRONMENT
• Give the total quantity of water requirement for the proposal project with breakup of requirements for
various uses. State the sources and quantities and furnish water balance statement.
• Prediction of impacts on water resources due to the proposed water use/pumping on account of the
project
• What is the capacity of proposed source of water?
• How much of the water requirement can be met from the recycling of treated wastewater?
• Give details about the water requirements met from rainwater harvesting.
• Check upon the impact of the proposal on the ground water.
• Precautions or measures are taken to prevent the run off from construction activities polluting land and
aquifers.
• Give details of dual plumbing system if treated water used is used for flushing of toiles or other use.
 AIR ENVIRONMENT
• Give details of background air quality levels with predicted values based on dispersion models taking
into account the increased traffic generation as a result of the proposed
• What are the impacts on generation of dust, smoke, odorous fumes or other hazardous gases? Give
details in relation to all the meteorological parameters.
• Will the proposal create shortage of parking space for vehicles? Furnish details of the present level of
transport infrastructure and measures proposed for improvement including the traffic management at
the entry & exit to the project site.
• Provide details of the movement patterns with internal roads, bicycle tracks, pedestrian pathways,
footpaths etc., with areas under each category.
• Will there be significant increase in traffic noise & vibrations? Give details of the sources and the
measures proposed for mitigation of the above.
• What will be the impact of DG sets & other equipment on noise levels & vibration in & ambient air
quality around the project site?
 VEGETATION
• To check if there is any threat of the project to the biodiversity.
• Will the construction involve extensive clearing or modification of
vegetation?
• What are the measures proposed to be taken to minimize the likely impacts
on important.
• Site features (Give details of proposal for tree plantation, landscaping,
creation of water bodies
 AESTHETICS
• To check whether the proposed constructions in any way result in the
obstruction of a view, scenic amenity or landscapes.
• Monitoring the adverse impacts from new constructions on the existing
structures.
• Are there any anthropological or archaeological sites or artefacts nearby?
State if any
• Others significant features in the vicinity of the proposed site have been
considered.
 SOCIO AND HEALTH IMPACT
• Social Impact Assessment (SIA) Social Impact Assessment (SIA) includes the processes of analysing,
monitoring and managing the intended and unintended social consequences, both positive and negative, of
planned interventions and any social change processes invoked by those interventions . The analysis should
include the use of land, culture, the main economic activities e.g. tourism, agriculture, employment levels and
impact on service provision e.g. education, water use, traffic, energy use etc..
• Health Impact Assessment (HIA) Health is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and
not merely absence of disease or infirmity (WHO, 1946). In most EIAs, HIA is usually included under SIA.
HIA is now emerging as a key component of EIA because health is determined by a multiplicity of factors
including socio-economic and environmental factors. There is no clear definition about where health
concerns end and where environmental or social concerns begin. HIA is a broad concept that may be
interpreted in different ways by a range of different users but all imply an interest in the safeguarding and
enhancement of human health and a concern that human activities and decisions, in the form of
development projects, plans, programs and policies can affect human health in both positive and negative
ways.
 RISK ASSESMENT
• Risk assessment provides information on potential health or ecological risks, and risk management is
the action taken on the based on consideration of that information.
• It includes RISK IDENTIFICATION, RISK ESTIMATION, RISK EVALUATION AND
RISK CONTROL.
• Scientific factors provide the basis for the risk assessment, including toxicology, chemistry,
epidemiology ecology and statistics.
• Economic factors inform the manager on the cost of risks and benefits of reducing them.
• Law and legal decisions are factors that define the basis for risk assessment and management decisions
and in some instances the schedule, level or methods for risk reduction.
• Social factors such as income level ,ethnic, background, community values, land use, health care and
lifestyle of the affected population
• Technological factors include feasibility ,impacts and range of risk management options
 ENVIRONMENT PLAN ASSESMENT
• Environmental Management Plan The Environment Management Plan (EMP) is a site specific plan
developed to ensure that the project is implemented in an environmental sustainable manner where all
contractors and subcontractors, including consultants, understand the potential environmental risks arising
from the project and take appropriate actions to properly manage that risk.
• EMP also ensures that the project implementation is carried out in accordance with the design by taking
appropriate mitigation actions to reduce adverse environmental impacts during its life cycle.
• The plan outlines existing and potential problems that may adversely impact the environment and
recommends corrective measures where required. Also, the plan outlines roles and responsibility of the key
personnel and contractors who will be in-charge of the responsibilities to manage the project site.
• The key benefits of the EMP are that it offers means of managing its environmental performance thereby
allowing it to contribute to improved environmental quality. The other benefits include cost control and
improved relations with the stakeholders.