1

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Unit 1 Tenses Grammar & Usage
Grammar & Usage

Unit 1 Tenses
1.1 Present simple and present continuous
1.2 Present perfect and past simple
1.3 Present perfect and present perfect continuous
1.4 Past simple and past continuous
1.5 Past perfect and past perfect continuous
1.6 Tenses to talk about the future
Grammar Practice
Part A Part B Part C Part D Part E
Language Practice
Part A Part B Part C
http://www.aristo.com.hk
1
1.1 Present simple and present continuous

We use the present simple and present continuous for
different situations:
present simple
(e.g. I do)
 to describe/talk about repeated actions or habits

Fiona drinks milk every morning.
My sisters are always late.
P.1
2
present simple
(e.g. I do)
We often use the following adverbs or adverbials for

this purpose:
always often every day/week/

usually rarely month/year
scarcely never twice a month
sometimes seldom from time to time
frequently hardly once in a while
continually occasionally once a week
P.1
3
present simple
(e.g. I do)
 to describe/talk about permanent situations
Ann lives in Shatin.
 to describe/talk about general truths or facts
The Earth is round.

Cheung Chau lies to the south of Lantau Island.
P.1
4
present continuous/am/is/are + -ing

(e.g. I am doing)
 to describe/talk about actions in progress at or around
the time of speaking
I can’t chat with you because I am studying.
He is still trying to adjust to life in Hong Kong.
Common adverbs/adverbials used for this purpose

include:
now at present currently
still at the moment
P.1
5

(e.g. I am doing)
 to describe/talk about temporary situations
Andy is staying in a hotel while he is
in Hong Kong.
For temporary situations, we often use:

today this week these days
P.1
6

(e.g. I am doing)
 to describe/talk about changing or developing
situations
Your English is improving.
The weather is getting warmer.
P.1
7
We form questions and negatives in the following way:
1 Do you like comics? (question)

2 No, I don’t like them. (negative)
3 Are you reading today’s newspaper? (question)
P.1
8
Reminder
Some verbs are never or rarely used in the continuous
form. These are stative verbs - that is, verbs which
describe a state rather than an action (jump, run, etc).
• Stative verbs are grouped into the following categories:
1 verbs of feeling (like, love, hate, want, wish, prefer,
etc.)
2 verbs of thought (think, believe, know, understand,
remember, forget, etc.)
P.2
9
3 verbs of perception (see, hear, smell, taste, etc.)

4 verbs of ownership (have, own, possess, belong, etc.)
5 verbs of measurement (equal, weigh, cost, etc.)
6 verbs of description (seem, look, appear, sound,
etc.)
7 others (agree, insist, suggest, refuse, include, contain,
owe, etc.)
P.2
10
• Some stative verbs, however, describe actions as well as

states and these can be used in the continuous form. Here
are some examples:
P.2
11
stative
present simple present continuous
verbs
I think she’s right. I’m thinking about it.

think (= I believe/have the (= the action of thinking
opinion that …) at this moment)
I’m seeing the dentist

I see what you mean.
today.
see (= I understand what
(= I’m going to visit the
you mean)
dentist)
P.2
12
stative
present simple present continuous
verbs
You have lovely blue
eyes.
I’m having lunch.
have (= you ‘possess’ blue
(= the action of eating)
eyes and this is
unlikely to change)
I feel he’s making a
I’m feeling tired.
mistake.
feel (= a physical feeling that
(= I believe/have the
usually passes)
opinion that …)
P.2
13
1.2 Present perfect and past simple

We use either the present perfect or past simple tense for
past actions, but we use them in differently, depending on
the time we are talking about:
present perfect/has/have + past participle
(e.g. I have done)
 when we tell someone something that has a connection to
the present
I have received Carol’s letter.
(= I have the letter now.)
P.2
14

(e.g. I have done)
 when we talk about the present result of a past action
John has come back from Macau.
(= he is here now)
We can use the following adverbs:

now just already
ever yet never etc.
P.3
15

(e.g. I have done)
but not adverbs and adverbial phrases or clauses with a past
time reference, for example:
yesterday last month when you came
in 1978 two years ago before he left etc.
Has Tom left for school yet?
Yes, he left ten minutes ago.
P.3
16

(e.g. I have done)
 with for or since when we talk about something that
started in the past and continues up to the present
We are old friends. We have known each

other since we were small/for many years.
P.3
17
past simple
(e.g. I did)
 when a past action is not connected with the present
Is Paul He was here
here? a while ago. He left
after he made a call.
A
B
Compare:
No, he has left.
Is Paul He left after he
here? made a call.
A B
P.3
18
past simple
(e.g. I did)
 to talk about something that happened within a specific
period of time in the past, using expressions such as:
for, from ... to, between ... and, etc.
We lived in Wan Chai from 1973 to 1982.
Then we moved to Shatin and lived there for
a year until my father bought a flat in Tai Po.
Compare:
We have lived in Shatin for a year.
(= We are still living there now.)
We lived in Shatin.
(= We don’t live there now.) P.3
19
Have you No, I haven’t (told her

told Alice about the about the trip). I didn’t
hiking trip? have time to call her
last night. Did you tell
her about it?
I tried but
she wasn’t home.
P.3
20
1.3 Present perfect and present perfect continuous

When we describe something that started in the past and
has been in progress up to the present, we can use either
the present perfect/has/have + past participle (e.g. I have
done) or the present perfect continuous/has/have been +
-ing (e.g. I have been doing).
We have lived/have been living here since 1998

/for many years.
We use the present perfect instead of the present perfect
continuous in the following situations:
P.4
21
Situation Examples/Remarks
 when the action is now It has stopped raining. Let’s
completed, but still has go out for a walk.
an effect in the present
Compare:
It has been raining all
morning. I wonder when it will
stop. (= It has not stopped
raining yet.)
P.4
22
 when we talk about: I’ve told you at least twice to
stop doing that. Why won’t
how many/how much
you listen?
we have done,
how many things we Compare:
have done,
I’ve been telling you to stop
or doing that. Why haven’t you
listened to me?
how many times we
have done something
P.4
23
 when we talk about a ‘You’ve worked hard on this,’
temporary situation the manager said. ‘You
deserve a break.’
Compare:
You’ve been working hard
on this. You deserve a break.
P.4
24
A: Have you been waiting long? (question)

B: No, I haven’t (been waiting long).
negative
In fact, I’ve only just arrived.
P.4
25
1.4 Past simple and past continuous

We use the past continuous/was/were + -ing (e.g. I was
doing) for something which was in progress in or around a
specific time in the past:
A: I called you last night at about ten, but nobody
answered the phone.
B: Sorry, I didn’t hear the phone ring. I was
having a shower.
P.4
26
We often use the past continuous and simple past together

in the same sentence, where the past simple is a shorter action
that interrupts the longer (continuous) action:
They were playing computer games when I
long action
arrived.
short action
He fell while he was trying to get the kite from

short action long action
the tree.
P.4
27
1.5 Past perfect and past perfect continuous

We use the past perfect/had + past participle (e.g. I had
done) when we want to talk about an action in the past that
took place before another past action.
Compare: I went to the party but I didn’t see
Miriam. She had left before I arrived.
She isn’t here. She left ten minutes
ago.
P.5
28
We use the past perfect continuous/had been + -ing (e.g. I

had been doing) to talk about something which started
sometime before a past time and continued until or after it.
Compare: He had been collecting stamps for
years when we became friends.
He had collected more than 200
foreign and local stamps by the time
we became friends.
P.5
29
1.6 Tenses to talk about the future

We can talk about the future in a number of ways depending
on the situation:
P.5
30
Tense/Structure
Situation Examples
to use
 to talk about simple future I think she’ll accept our
something (will + bare infinitive*) invitation.
which we think
or believe will
happen We also use will to express
determination, a promise, a threat,
etc.
Don’t worry. We
No, I won’t.
will get him to agree.
You have my
Just promise you won’t
word.
tell anyone.
* = infinitive without ‘to’ A B

P.5
31
Tense/Structure
Situation Examples
to use
 to talk about be going
our intention + infinitive Have you Not yet. I’m going
told Ann? to call her tonight.
A B
We also use this structure

when we are sure that something
will happen in the future because
of what we know or can see now.
Look out! The tree is
going to fall!
P.5
32
Tense/Structure
Situation Examples
to use
 to talk about present We are having dinner with
something that continuous/am/are/is May this evening. Will you join
have been + -ing us?
arranged or
planned to do
in the future When we make the decision
to do something at the moment
of speaking, we use will.
The telephone
is ringing. I’ll get it.
A B
P.6
33
Tense/Structure
Situation Examples
to use
 to talk about present simple The train leaves at 2.30 pm.
something that Don’t be late.
will happen as
part of a fixed
timetable or We also use the simple
programme present for the future in adverbial
clauses of time and condition.
I’ll give him the book when
I see him tomorrow.
If he shows up tomorrow,
I’ll give him the book.
P.6
34
Tense/Structure
Situation Examples
to use
 to talk about future continuous Don’t come at eight. We’ll be
something that (shall/will + be + -ing) having dinner at that time.
will be in
progress at a
time in the We often use will you be
future (doing something?) to ask about
people’s plans, especially when
we want someone to do
something for us.
Will you be going to the
market this afternoon?
Can you buy me some
carrots?
P.6
35
Tense/Structure
Situation Examples
to use
 to say that future perfect Please call again after two.
something will (will have + past Mr Chan will have returned
be completed participle) to the office by then.
by (not later
You will probably hear from
than) a certain
me by tomorrow afternoon. I
time in the
will have read the report by
future
then.
P.6
36
Grammar Practice
Fred and Carol are at the bus stop. Complete their
conversation using the words given on the right and the
correct tenses. The first one has been done for you. Teacher’s notes
P.7
37
Fred do you live

Where (1) _________________ , Carol? (1) you/live
Carol My family lives in Shatin, but

(2) _________________ (2) my
family/live
I’m/I am staying at my aunt’s
(3) ___________________
(3) I/stay
in Ho Man Tin at the moment.
Fred Why’s that?
Carol My uncle’s/is in hospital and

(4) _________________ (4) my uncle/be
my aunt needs my help.
P.7
39
Fred I’m sorry to hear your uncle is unwell.

has he been
How long (5) _________________ in (5) he/be
hospital?
Carol he went
Three days - (6) _________________ (6) he/go
in on Tuesday morning. The doctor said

he’d/would be
that (7) _________________________ (7) he/would/be
able to go home in a day or two.
P.7
40
Fred That’s/is
(8) ___________________ great! By (8) that/be
have you heard

the way, (9) ____________________ (9) you/hear
from Sandy?
Carol She sent

(10) _________________ me an email (10) she/send
her
last week saying that (11) ___________ (11) her parents/
buy
parents bought/had bought a
____________________________
house in London. She said that they (12) (12) plan/move
are planning/plan to move this July.

_________________________
P.7
41
Fred Do you have

(13) _________________ her new (13) you/have
address?
Carol I’m afraid not.
Fred I’ll/will have to

Guess (14) _______________________ (14) I/have to
wait a while before I can post anything to
her.
Carol I’m sorry, Fred. (15) ________________

My bus is (15) my bus/
come
_____________
coming . I’ve got to go. See you!
P.7
42
Complete these sentences using the correct tense of the verbs

in brackets. The first one has been done for you.
P.8
43
1 ’s/has been raining (rain) for three days non-stop. I

It ______________________
wonder when it will stop.
Teacher’s notes
2 ’ve/have been waiting (wait) at the bus stop for

We _________________________
at least twenty minutes, but there’s still no sign of the bus.
3 is
I will tell you everything when the time ________________
(be) right.
P.8
44
4 The play was so boring that most of the audience

left
_________________ (leave) before the final act.
5 lost
The woman told us that she had _________________ (lose)
her bag.
6 ’ll/will let
‘I _________________ ’ve/
(let) you know as soon as I _______
have made
_________________ (make) a decision,’ Gary promised.
P.8
46
7 Clare will join us for the party tomorrow, even though she
’s/is
_________________ (be) extremely busy at the moment.
8 contains
This box _________________ (contain) glassware. Please
handle it carefully.
P.8
47
Read the first sentence, then form a negative sentence using

the given words. The first one has been done for you.
P.8
48
1 eat/anything
haven’t/have not eaten anything

I’m hungry. I ______________________________________
since breakfast.
2 do/anything
isn’t/
Why don’t you ask Pete to go with you? He ______________
is not doing anything
____________________________ this afternoon.
P.8
49
3 be/keen on horror films Teacher’s notes
Sam offered to take Sarah to see the film, ‘Dracula’. Sarah

isn’t/is not keen on
said no because she ________________________________
horror films
_____________________ .
4 pack/yet
They can’t have dinner with us tonight. They need to catch

haven’t/
on early flight tomorrow and they _____________________
have not packed yet
________________________________________________ .
P.8
50
5 refund/their money
didn’t/did not
They’re frustrated. The travel agency __________________
refund/hadn’t/had not refunded their money
______________________________________________ as
promised.
6 finish/it
She asked me if she could keep the book for a little longer
hadn’t/had not finished it
because she ______________________________________ .
P.9
52
7 take/my advice
didn’t/
I told him not to wear jeans to the interview, but he _______
did not take my advice
_________________________________ .
8 be/back
won’t/
My grandparents are in Guangzhou. They ______________
will not be back until the end of the month.
____________________
P.9
53
You need some information. Ask your friend a question, using

the given words and any other words you need to complete the
sentence. The first one has been done for you.
P.9
54
1 you/have
‘I’d better write down your telephone number. ___________

Do you
__________________________
have/Have you a pen that I can borrow?’
2 he/still/work
‘I haven’t seen your brother for some time. ______________

Is he still
working/Does he still work
______________________________________ for the bank?’
P.9
55
3 you/learn
‘Your Putonghua is excellent. How long __________________

have you
______________________
been learning it?’
4 she/get
‘I didn’t know that Judy collects stamps. How many

stamps _________________________
has she got ?’
P.9
56
5 you/take
‘We’ve got a long weekend ahead. _____________________

Will you be taking/
Are you going to take/Will you take
_______________________________________ a short trip?’
6 you/get
‘Your dress is gorgeous. Where ____________________

did you get it?’
P.9
57
7 she/like
‘I’m thinking about sending your sister some flowers.

_____________________
Does she like roses?’
P.9
58
Read the first sentence, then make another sentence using the
words in brackets. You may need to add your own words. The
first one has been done for you.
P.10
59
1 Megan is in the kitchen. (she/help/her mother)
She’s/is helping her mother.

_________________________________________________
________________________________________________
2 You lied to me. (I/never/talk/you/again)
I’ll/will never talk to you again./

_________________________________________________
I’m/am never going to talk to you again.
________________________________________________
P.10
60
3 I see Molly often. (we/be/in/the same swimming class)

We’re/are in the same swimming class.
_________________________________________________
________________________________________________
4 Eve is my best friend. (we/know/each other)

We’ve/have known each other
_________________________________________________
for years.
P.10
61
5 Paul won’t be able to join us tomorrow. (he/take/his cousins)

He’s/is taking his cousins
_________________________________________________
to the beach.
6 Mr Smith passed away last night. (he/suffer from/cancer/for

quite some time)
He’d/had been suffering from cancer for quite
_________________________________________________
some time.
________________________________________________
P.10
62
7 She hasn’t seen Max for months. (she/miss/him/a lot)

She misses him a lot.
_________________________________________________
________________________________________________
8 Pete didn’t come to the party. (I/think/he/be/out of town)

I think he’s/is out of town.
_________________________________________________
________________________________________________
P.10
63
9 Hurry, Kate! (the taxi/wait)

The taxi is waiting
________________________________________________ .
We need to leave now!
10 Mr Tsui likes travelling. (he/be/many countries)

He’s/He has been to many countries.
________________________________________________
P.10
64
Language Practice
Complete Linda’s letter to Andrew using the words on the
right. Use the correct form of the verbs given. The first one
has been done for you.
P.11
65
Dear Andrew
flies
How time (1) _______________ ! A month has (1) fly
left/has left
passed since we last met. Claire (2) ___________ (2) leave
’s/is
for England to get away for a while. She (3) _____ (3) be/still/feel
still feeling
____________________ quite bitter about her
split with Jason. According to Linda, Jason (4) (4) cheat
cheated
______________ was
on her while he (5) __________ (5) be
in Australia last December.
P.11
66
have
Ever since then, Claire and Jason (6) _________ (6) have
had
______________ endless arguments. Now that
’ve/have gone
they (7) _____________________ their separate (7) go
will get
ways, I hope that Claire (8) ________________ (8) get
over him soon.
Remember Helen Chui - the head girl of our

will move/are moving to
class? Her family (9) _____________________ (9) move
’s/is still
New Zealand soon, but she (10) _____________ (10) be/still/
undecide
undecided about whether to go with them or
_____________
not. P.11
67
’m/am
As for me, I (11) ____________ preparing
busy _________ (11) be/prepare
haven’t/
for my exams. I still (12) _________________ (12) not/decide
have not decided

__________________________ what to do this
is
summer, but my final exam (13) __________ on (13) be
June 7th. When do your holidays begin?
Write soon!
Linda
P.11
68
Read the following news clipping and use the information in

it to complete Anna’s diary entry. Use ONE word for each
blank. One has been done for you as an example.
P.12
69
March 25
8.30 p.m.
I just (1) with Tony on the phone. He sounded spoke

(1) ___________
quite cheerful for someone who had missed

(2) long-awaited school outing. Tony has the a/the
(2) ___________
flu and was told by the doctor to take a week

(3) school. off
(3) ___________
NEWS CLIPPING P.12

70
He seemed pleased to hear (4) me and from

(4) ___________
thankfully, his fever has (5) down and he’s (6) gone
(5) ___________
much better now. The last time I called, Tony (6) feeling/getting
___________
(7) too sick to speak on the phone. Hopefully, was
(7) ___________
he (8) be out and about very soon. ’ll/will

(8) ___________
NEW CLIPPING P.12

72
10 p.m.
Oh, no! I think I’ve got the flu! I’m (9) weak feeling
(9) ___________
and feverish and my head is killing me. I

should (10) listened to Mrs Lui’s advice. She have
(10) ___________
said that we should (11) care of ourselves by take

(11) ___________
(12) wholesome food and (13) regular exercise. (12) eating/having

___________
This helps our bodies (14) illnesses. doing/getting

/taking/
(13) ___________
fight
(14) ___________
NEW CLIPPING P.12

74
The following is a story Gary’s grandfather told Gary.

Complete the story using the appropriate form of the verbs
in the box. Use each word ONCE only. The first one has
been done for you.
P.13
76
When I was young, I (1) medicine in a poor practised*

(1) ___________
part of town. I worked late and was often the

last person to leave the surgery. One evening,
when I had already (2) up and was about to locked
(2) ___________
leave, a pale young girl came (3) up to me running

(3) ___________
pleading, ‘Doctor, my mother is very ill.

Please come and see her.’
* The different spelling of the verb: practise (BrE), practice (NAmE)
BOX P.13
77
had been
I (4) all day and was feeling very tired, but working
(4) ___________
there was something in her voice that (5) my touched

(5) ___________
heart, so and I said, ‘Take me to her.’
She (6) me in silence through a maze of dark led

(6) ___________
alleys. Soon we (7) to a row of shabby came

(7) ___________
squatter huts. The girl pointed to one of them

and gestured for me to (8) in. go
(8) ___________
BOX P.13
79
I (9) open the door and found a woman (10) pushed

(9) ___________
on a small bed in the corner. She (11) very ill. lying

(10) ___________
looked
(11) ___________
I (12) myself to her, examined her and then introduced

(12) ___________
(13) her an injection. ‘I will see you again gave

(13) ___________
tomorrow,’ I said. I (14) around to turned

(14) ___________
speak with the girl, but there was no sign of

her.
BOX P.13
81
‘Where’s your daughter?’ I asked the

woman.
‘My daughter?’ The woman’s voice trembled

and there (15) tears in her eyes as she spoke. were
(15) ___________
‘My little girl (16) a week ago in a hit-and-run died

(16) ___________
accident.’
BOX P.13
83

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DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 1 Tenses Grammar & Usage

Grammar & Usage

1.1 Present simple and present continuous

 to describe/talk about repeated actions or habits

We often use the following adverbs or adverbials for

always often every day/week/

Ann lives in Shatin.

 to describe/talk about general truths or facts

The Earth is round.

present continuous/am/is/are + -ing

Common adverbs/adverbials used for this purpose

present continuous/am/is/are + -ing

For temporary situations, we often use:

present continuous/am/is/are + -ing

We form questions and negatives in the following way:

1 Do you like comics? (question)

3 verbs of perception (see, hear, smell, taste, etc.)

• Some stative verbs, however, describe actions as well as

I think she’s right. I’m thinking about it.

I’m seeing the dentist

1.2 Present perfect and past simple

present perfect/has/have + past participle

We can use the following adverbs:

present perfect/has/have + past participle

present perfect/has/have + past participle

We are old friends. We have known each

We form questions and negatives in the following way:

Have you No, I haven’t (told her

1.3 Present perfect and present perfect continuous

We have lived/have been living here since 1998

We form questions and negatives in the following way:

A: Have you been waiting long? (question)

In fact, I’ve only just arrived.

1.4 Past simple and past continuous

We often use the past continuous and simple past together

They were playing computer games when I

He fell while he was trying to get the kite from

1.5 Past perfect and past perfect continuous

We use the past perfect continuous/had been + -ing (e.g. I

1.6 Tenses to talk about the future

* = infinitive without ‘to’ A B

We also use this structure

Fred do you live

Carol My family lives in Shatin, but

Fred Why’s that?

Carol My uncle’s/is in hospital and

Fred I’m sorry to hear your uncle is unwell.

in on Tuesday morning. The doctor said

able to go home in a day or two.

have you heard

Carol She sent

are planning/plan to move this July.

Fred Do you have

Carol I’m afraid not.

Fred I’ll/will have to

Carol I’m sorry, Fred. (15) ________________

Complete these sentences using the correct tense of the verbs

1 ’s/has been raining (rain) for three days non-stop. I

2 ’ve/have been waiting (wait) at the bus stop for

4 The play was so boring that most of the audience

Read the first sentence, then form a negative sentence using

haven’t/have not eaten anything