16

DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B
Unit 16 Adjectives & adverbs Grammar & Usage
Grammar & Usage

Unit 16 Adjectives & adverbs
16.1 Uses
16.2 Order and position
16.3 Exceptions
16.4 Prepositional phrase
Grammar Practice
Part A Part B Part C Part D Part E
Language Practice
Part A Part B
http://www.aristo.com.hk
1
16.1 Uses
• We use an adjective to describe a noun.
There was a heavy rainstorm last night.
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• We use an adverb to describe:
adverb
a verb It rained heavily last night.
adverb
There was very heavy rain last
an adjective
night.
adverb
an adverb It rained very heavily last night.
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16.2 Order and position

• Many adjectives are put before the noun they describe,
or after linking verbs such as:
be (am, are, is, was, were, etc.)
seem, appear (to seem)
become, get (to become)
feel (to experience a particular feeling or emotion)
look (to have a particular appearance)
taste, smell (to have a particular smell)
sound (if something sounds good, it seems good to
someone after they hear/read about it)
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The new washer was delivered this morning.

This washer is new, isn’t it?
This washer looks new. When did you buy it?
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We use an adjective after the verbs look, smell, taste,

sound, feel, etc. when it functions as a linking verb. We
use an adverb when these verbs describe an action.
The immigration officer looked carefully at his
passport photo.
Compare: Your plan sounds good to me.
(sound + adjective)
The driver sounded the horn
impatiently. (sound+ adverb)
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• An adjective also follows the verbs keep and make.

Wear this jacket. It’ll keep you warm.
What makes you so sure he’s coming?
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16.3 Exceptions
• Some adjectives such as:
afraid, alight, alike, alive, alone, ashamed, asleep,
awake, aware, etc. are rarely used before the noun they
describe.
The child was afraid.
 Wrong: The afraid child kept crying.
 Correct: The frightened child kept crying.
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• Adjectives such as:

content, fine, glad, ill, sorry, (un)sure, upset, (un)well,
etc. that describe health and feelings don’t come before
nouns either.
My brother felt unwell.
 Wrong: My unwell brother didn’t go to
school yesterday.
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• Some classifying adjectives (e.g. atomic, digital,

medical, chief, main, only, entire, whole, eastern,
maximum, minimum, eventual, occasional, etc.) and
intensifying (emphasising) adjectives (e.g. absolute,
complete, mere, sheer, utter, etc.) are rarely used after a
linking verb.
The news of his resignation was a complete
surprise.
 Wrong: The surprise was complete.
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• Some adverbs are formed from an adjective + -ly.

Mr Smith speaks fluent Putonghua.
(fluent: adjective)
Mr Smith speaks Putonghua fluently.
(fluently: adverb)
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However, we cannot add -ly to an adjective which

already ends in -ly (e.g. friendly, daily, lovely, lonely,
kindly, silly, ugly, etc.). Instead, we use a prepositional
phrase with words such as way, fashion or manner.
We met friendly people at the party.
People at the party greeted us in a friendly
way.
They greeted each other in a friendly fashion.
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• Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives.

We arrived in the early morning.
(early: adjective)
We arrived early in the morning.
(early: adverb)
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Adverbs and adjectives that have the same form include:

cheap clean deep direct fair fast
free hard high late long loud
low near quick straight tight
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Some of the adverbs noted above can have two forms, one
with -ly, the other without. We can sometimes use
either of the two forms without changing the meaning,
though we may prefer to use the -ly form in a more
formal situation.
She bought the bag cheap/cheaply at the
market.
Come here as quick/quickly as you can.
Sometimes, adverbs carry a different meaning when
we add -ly.
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Compare:
My father has hardly any time for
My father works very
a holiday. (hardly any = almost
hard.
no/not/none)
You can fly direct to He left for home directly after
the resort island. school. (directly = immediately)
There’s a supermarket She nearly tripped over a rock.

quite near. (nearly = almost)
All the students think highly of her

The helicopter flew
teaching. (think highly of her
high over the hill.
teaching = consider it very good)
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• Hourly, daily, weekly, yearly etc. are formed from the

nouns hour, day, etc. They are both adjectives and
adverbs.
adjective adverb
This is a weekly magazine. It comes out weekly.
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Remember that good is an adjective and well is an

adverb.
She’s a good singer, isn’t she?
She sings well, doesn’t she?
But well is also an adjective meaning in good health.
I had a cold last week, but I’m well now.
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Also remember that in this sentence:

It’s late. Let’s go home*.
* Home is an adverb. It is therefore incorrect to say ‘go to

home’.
Compare: Let’s go to Ben’s house and see
what new video games he’s got.
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• Enough is an adverb. It comes after adjectives and other

adverbs.
I think your sister is old enough to go to school
by herself. (adjective + enough)
She didn’t do her homework carefully enough.
(adverb + enough)
We can also use enough before a noun.

I don’t think he’ll get the job. He doesn’t
have enough experience.
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16.4 A noun can be qualified by a prepositional phrase, which

goes after the noun.
Who is the girl with long hair?
(noun + prepositional phrase)
Compare: Who is the tall girl over there?
(adjective + noun)
A prepositional phrase can also function as an

adverb.
Please hang the picture above the piano.
Compare: Please hang the picture
here.
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Grammar Practice
Choose the correct words to complete the following
sentences. The first one has been done for you.
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1 The girl’s parents were ______________

glad glad/gladly
when their daughter returned home after
her trip abroad.
2 sad
I feel _______________ when I heard sad/sadly
that many lives had been lost when the
boat sank.
3 ‘Think _______________
kindly of me after kind/kindly
I leave,’ wrote Lisa.
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4 good
This soup tastes ________________ . good/well
Who made it?
5 I don’t feel _______________

well . I think good/well
I’ll go to bed early.
6 ‘Don’t bother to get help,’ he said. ‘It necessary/

necessarily
won’t be _______________
necessary .’
7 necessary
The heavy rain made it ______________ necessary/
necessarily
for schools to close.
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8 unusually
It was _______________ cold that unusual/unusually
winter.
9 His handwriting is terrible. I can hard/hardly

hardly
_______________ read his work.
hard
10 He tried _______________ to convince hard/hardly
her that she was making a mistake.
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The underlined words in some of the following sentences

are incorrect. Correct them. If the sentence is correct, put a
‘’. The first two have been done for you.
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1 Rescue workers are desperate trying to desperately

______________
save people trapped in the building.
2 You’ll never catch them up if you walk as

slowly as that. 
______________
3 The nurse looked carefully at the wound 

______________
before treating it.
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4 ‘I need to work lately tonight,’ Mrs Tam late

______________
told her family.
5 ‘Don’t sit too closely to the TV,’ Mrs close

______________
Lee told her children.
6 She kept silently throughout the meeting. silent

______________
7 There is a very largest shopping centre large

______________
next to the hotel.
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8 ‘These vegetables are fresh,’ the 

______________
shopkeeper said. ‘They are delivered daily.’
9 She deep regretted her actions. deeply

______________
10 ‘How good do you know Paul?’ she well

______________
asked.
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Complete the following sentences by correctly inserting the

words from the right column. The first one has been done for
you.
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beautifully
1 The book is illustrated. beautifully
^
daily
2 This shop is open from 10 a.m. to 9 p.m. daily
^
enough
3 He often complains that he doesn’t have enough
^
time for his homework.
long
4 ‘Do I have to wait before the doctor can long
^
see me?’ she asked the receptionist.
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nearly
5 It took two hours to get the job done. nearly
^
6 We usually go to the supermarket for daily
daily
our groceries.
^
high high
7 The boy threw the ball into the sky.
^
severely severely
8 Many houses were damaged during the
^
cyclone.
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9 She promised to contact us again in near

near
the future.
^
enough enough
10‘I think his painting is good to be included
^
in the exhibition,’ he said.
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Choose words from the box to complete these sentences.

You do not need all the words. The first one has been completed
for you as an example.
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1 That’s a ________________
bad cough. You’d better go and
see a doctor.
elderly
2 When he saw the ________________ woman get on the bus,
he immediately gave her his seat.
sick
3 They took the ________________ child to hospital
immediately.
lonely
4 Sarah feels ________________ living away from home.
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5 desperately needs some advice. Could you

John ________________
talk to him?
6 She hasn’t ________________

completely recovered yet.
7 That was ________________

quick . I thought you’d need more
time!
8 hotly
The issue was ________________ debated at the meeting.
BOX P.134
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Complete the following sentences with ONE word. The first one
has been done for you as an example.
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1 My grandma is old. She can’t see ________________

clearly/well
without her glasses.
thoroughly , but there was no

2 I searched my bag ________________
sign of my keys.
3 It can’t be 7.30 yet. Your watch is at least ten minutes

fast
________________ . Teacher’s notes
angry
4 She grew ________________ when she learned that they
had deceived her.
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5 When the fog lifted and the sun came out, they had a
beautiful/fabulous
/breathtaking view of the harbour.
________________
6 ‘You’ve been crying,’ she said to her. ‘What’s made you

feel so ________________
sad/miserable ?’
7 quickly
They had to run ________________ for the bus.
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high
8 My brother had a _______________ fever yesterday, so he
stayed in bed.
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Language Practice
Complete each of the following blanks with ONE suitable
word. Make sure that your answers are grammatically
correct. The first one has been done for you.
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Sarah You’re (1) again! I’ve been waiting late

(1) ____________
for ages!
Mike I’m sorry, I didn’t (2) to keep mean

(2) ____________
you waiting. I (3) home on time and left

(3) ____________
was on the train at 6.10. But the

journey (4) much longer than I took
(4) ____________
expected.
Sarah How come?
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Mike Services to the Ma On Shan line

were (5) for half an hour. suspended
(5) ____________
(6) occur/happen
____________
Sarah Does that often (6) ?
no
(7) ____________
Mike Fortunately, (7) . As (8) as I know,
(8) ____________
far
it’s the first time the Ma On Shan
Line has had problems since it (9) in opened
(9) ____________
2004.
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Sarah It wasn’t your fault that you were late,

accept/
and I (10) your apology. We’d better appreciate
(10) ____________
hurry as Ann and Alex are (11) for us. waiting

(11) ____________
Mike Let’s take a taxi instead (12) of

(12) ____________
a minibus. That way we’ll get there

quicker/faster/
much (13) . sooner
(13) ____________
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Mike By the way, did you know that the

Ngong Ping cable car system came halt/
to a (14) yesterday because of standstill
(14) ____________
malfunctioning equipment?
Sarah Let’s hope nothing happens today

when we’re (15) it. on
(15) ____________
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Decide which of the choices below would best complete

the passage. The first one has been done for you as an
example.
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Flu virus in the United States, Canada and

parts of Europe (1) higher resistance to the
antiviral drug Tamiflu, raising questions about
its possible (2) in the event of a flu pandemic.
(1) A are showing (2) A skills

B was revealed B values
C indicate C valuable
D have proved D effectiveness
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The World Health Organisation (WHO) has reported this

elevated resistance in North America, but says it’s too (3) to
know if the H5N1 strain of avian influenza is (4) to Tamiflu.
The WHO (5) its recommendations that the drug (6) to treat
human cases of bird flu.
(3) A early (4) A posing

B probably B increasing
C unwisely C resistant
D surely D predictable
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The World Health Organisation (WHO) has reported this

elevated resistance in North America, but says it’s too (3) to
know if the H5N1 strain of avian influenza is (4) to Tamiflu.
The WHO (5) its recommendations that the drug (6) to treat
human cases of bird flu.
(5) A is based (6) A is well

B is sure B be used
C repeatedly C has known
D has not changed D convincingly
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Scientists at the WHO led by Dr Frederick Hayden, have

found evidence of a mutant strain (7) . (8) is that resistant
viruses have been detected (9) people who have never been
treated (10) the drug. This is cause (11) as drug resistance is
usually (12) in people who have been exposed (13) a drug.
(7) A common (8) A Most important

B exist everywhere B What concerns them most
C surprisingly C Unlike other cases
D worldwide D Quite unexpectedly
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(9) A for (10) A with

B healthy B take
C in C to prescribe
D consistently D for
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(11) A for concern (12) A unavoidably

B feel anxious B have occurred
C being afraid C only seen
D very well D quite obvious
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(13) A by
B for
C into
D to
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Roche Holdings, manufacturer of the drug, notes that some

health (14) have cited limitations in this (15) data, and have
called (16) further investigation.
(14) A fans (15) A fundamentally

B with special knowledge B basically
C with lots of experience C preliminary
D experts D accumulate
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Roche Holdings, manufacturer of the drug, notes that some

health (14) have cited limitations in this (15) data, and have
called (16) further investigation.
(16) A for
B needing
C necessary
D in
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The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention has

reported a 5 percent prevalence of resistance to Tamiflu in
samples of H1N1 virus tested. In Canada, 8 (17) 128 samples
showed resistance. ‘These data indicate that Tamiflu
resistance in H1N1 viruses is geographically variable, and
not limited to Europe,’ Gregory Hartl, spokesperson for
the WHO said.
(17) A between
B for
C by
D out of
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Health experts also fear that the virus, which now affects
mainly (18) , could mutate into a form that spreads easily
among people, and then trigger a (19) pandemic.
Meanwhile however, many governments (20) Tamiflu.
(18) A bird (19) A spreading everywhere

B poultry B contaminate
C certain animal C deadly
D mammal D contagiously
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Health experts also fear that the virus, which now affects
mainly (18) , could mutate into a form that spreads easily
among people, and then trigger a (19) pandemic.
Meanwhile however, many governments (20) Tamiflu.
(20) A are stockpiling

B are being bought
C are known to be owned
D believed to have prepared
P.136-137
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DEVELOPING SKILLS Set B

Unit 16 Adjectives & adverbs Grammar & Usage

Grammar & Usage

• We use an adverb to describe:

16.2 Order and position

The new washer was delivered this morning.

We use an adjective after the verbs look, smell, taste,

• An adjective also follows the verbs keep and make.

• Adjectives such as:

• Some classifying adjectives (e.g. atomic, digital,

• Some adverbs are formed from an adjective + -ly.

However, we cannot add -ly to an adjective which

• Some adverbs have the same form as adjectives.

Adverbs and adjectives that have the same form include:

There’s a supermarket She nearly tripped over a rock.

All the students think highly of her

• Hourly, daily, weekly, yearly etc. are formed from the

This is a weekly magazine. It comes out weekly.

Remember that good is an adjective and well is an

Also remember that in this sentence:

* Home is an adverb. It is therefore incorrect to say ‘go to

• Enough is an adverb. It comes after adjectives and other

We can also use enough before a noun.

16.4 A noun can be qualified by a prepositional phrase, which

A prepositional phrase can also function as an

1 The girl’s parents were ______________

5 I don’t feel _______________

6 ‘Don’t bother to get help,’ he said. ‘It necessary/

9 His handwriting is terrible. I can hard/hardly

The underlined words in some of the following sentences

1 Rescue workers are desperate trying to desperately

2 You’ll never catch them up if you walk as

3 The nurse looked carefully at the wound 

4 ‘I need to work lately tonight,’ Mrs Tam late

5 ‘Don’t sit too closely to the TV,’ Mrs close

6 She kept silently throughout the meeting. silent

7 There is a very largest shopping centre large

8 ‘These vegetables are fresh,’ the 

9 She deep regretted her actions. deeply

10 ‘How good do you know Paul?’ she well

Complete the following sentences by correctly inserting the

6 We usually go to the supermarket for daily

9 She promised to contact us again in near

Choose words from the box to complete these sentences.

5 desperately needs some advice. Could you

6 She hasn’t ________________

7 That was ________________

1 My grandma is old. She can’t see ________________

thoroughly , but there was no

3 It can’t be 7.30 yet. Your watch is at least ten minutes

6 ‘You’ve been crying,’ she said to her. ‘What’s made you

Sarah You’re (1) again! I’ve been waiting late

Mike I’m sorry, I didn’t (2) to keep mean

you waiting. I (3) home on time and left

was on the train at 6.10. But the

Sarah How come?

Mike Services to the Ma On Shan line

Sarah It wasn’t your fault that you were late,

hurry as Ann and Alex are (11) for us. waiting

Mike Let’s take a taxi instead (12) of

a minibus. That way we’ll get there

Mike By the way, did you know that the

Sarah Let’s hope nothing happens today

Decide which of the choices below would best complete