• Art - integral part in European history.

- has been used to communicate ideologies and

belief systems prevalent within their context.

• Greek and Roman civilizations - also known as the

Classical World
• both culture aimed to embody the highest possible standard
of quality in all aspects of their societies.
• Art and Architecture
• intended to promote the possibility of having
an objective and widely accepted standards for
beauty.
• most art movements have taken inspiration
from the certain artistic elements from the two
civilizations.
• Greeks
• known to excel in various fields and
aspects of society.
• they valued poetry, drama and
philosophy.
• man as the center of the society and ho
they trained their minds coulde be the very
foundation of ho they lived their lives.
• For those who want to be involved in
art-- painting, scuplture, and
architecture--one is required to have a
certain skill sets and body of
knowledge.
• The humanist ideals of the
Greeks were reflected in their
democratic form of
government. This certain level
of freedom as also reflected n
their artworks, architecture,
literature and philosophy.
• Principles, belief systems, and
ideologies are at the core of
Greek art and architecture.
Development of Greek Art
• Can be divided into
four periods:
• Geometric
• Archaic
• Classical
• Hellenistic
Geometric Period
• The time when Greece
was starting to get back
from the onslaught of
what seemed to be their
Dark Ages.
• Period when geometric
shapes and patterns have
taken the spotlight i most
of their artworks.
Archaic Period
• Primarily a result of
Greece's trading
activities ith other
civilizations.
• Period that placed
importance on human
figures.
Classical Period
• Peak of Greek sculpture
and architecture.
• Greek found
themselves rebuilding
their temples and
focusing on creating
artworks
Classical Period
Hellenistic Period
• Art as primarily focused on
showcasing emotions and depicting
reality.
• This is the time of Alexander the
Great.
• Hellenistic sculptures started to
emphasize balance while
showcasing dynamic poses and
number of emotions evoked by the
subjects.
Lacoon and His Sons
• Lacoon, a Trojan Priest and
his son being strangled by
serpents.
• Result of Lacoon's instruction
during the Trojan War.
• Poseidon's punishment for
what Lacoon have done.
 Theater
• Dionysus
and Drama
• God of Fertility
• started the Greek theater
• People devoted to Dionysus dance during ceremonies
hile giving their offerings to God.
• Dionysians devised a more structured frm of drama
invovlving dances and choral songs, hich depicted Greek
mythologies.
• Greek established theatrical contests where the
perfomance were held in front of large citizen.
 Ancient Rome
•Roman Republic - established around 500 BCE.
•Roman civilization - came of age during
Hellenistic Period.
•The fusion of Greek and Roman cultures
can be seen in most Roman artorks.
•Romans were fond of the Greeks and
their achievements in arts.
 Roman Art
• Romans produce artworks that are often
looking stern, harsh and strong. They also
invoked the principle of realism in most of
their orks, highlighting the features of human
beings.
• Romans were also known to be master
builders.
 Colosseum
• One of the Romans architectural achievements.
• Ampitheater that was planned and constructed
during the reign of Emperor Vespasian.
• Main uses was for entertainment purposes like
public events and Gladiator games.
• This structure was a concrete manifestation of
Roman builder's craftmanship which focused
on logical organization othe entire edifice.
Colosseum
Perseus and the Head of Medusa
• Just like Greeks, Romans
valued their Gods and
this as evident in their
sculptures and artwork.
• An artwork that shows
Perseus, the son of
Poseidon, holding the
head of Medusa
 Middle Ages

• Period between the decline of the Roman Empire

and the Renaissance.
• Period characterized by ignorance and darkness.
• Church was the central figure and authority of the
period.
• Most important products of Middle Ages ould have
copied of the Christian scriptures.
 Middle Ages

• During this time, great cathedrals were also built.

These cathedrals can be categorized into to
periods:
• Romansque (1050-1200), inspired by the old Roman Empire
• Gothic (1200-1500), had more Northern flavor from the
Goths-- vulgar and barbarian.
Romanesque Architecture
Gothic Architecture
Romanesque Vs Gothic
Middle Ages Sculptures
Renaissance Art
 Renaissance Period
• Artists valued “individual” as a subject of
arts.
• The influence of humanism shifted the focus
of some artworks during the Renaissance
period to empower the “individual.”
• Most artworks emphasizes naturalism
 Renaissance Period

• Three-dimensional perspective
• artists added perspective of depth wherein
spaces were explored.
• Renaissance artists also gave iimportance to non-
religious themes or subjects.
 David
• Artwork of Michelangelo
• This sculpture is an example
of ho humanism as a
dominant belief system
during the Rennaissance.
• There is emphasis on the
detail of the body of the
human being.
 Renaissance Period

•Revival of Roman theatrical plays.

• performed during special occassions at the
courts of Italian princes.
• done in such a way that showcased grand and
lavish entertainment for the audience.
• they invested in elaborate stages and costumes
for the actors.
 Mannerism
• Period in art history.
• Product of Renaissance Period.
• Artists would observe nature and try their
best to emulate it based on their
observations.
• Most artworks during this period displayed
distorted figures, to-dimensional spaces,
discordant hues and colors and lack of
defined focal point.
Baroque and the Rococo Arts
 Baroque (1600-1750)
• Derived from the Portuguese term barocco which
is translated as “irregularly shaped pearl.”
• Rome - birthplace of the Baroque Period.
• Response to Protestantism.
• A lot of artists have developed styles and
technique different from their Renaissance
predecessors.
 Baroque (1600-1750)
• Most artists used colorful palettes and
ornamentaions in their works.
• Music also flourished during the Baroque Period.
• Baroque music as able to clearly distinguished loud
from soft and solo ensemble.
Assumption of the Virgin
• Painting by Titian located at
Venice, Italy.
• The Biblical event in the
painting shows how the
Baroque Period reverted to
having religious subjects in their
works.
• Movement in Europe that transpired during the late
eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.
• Aimed to revive the rekindle influences of Greek and
Roman into art and architecture.
• This movement was a reactio to the artworks during
the Baroque Period.
• There as a call to veer away from such extravagance in
terms of style nd form of the Baroque Period.
 Romanticism
• Art movement , used the central themes of
Neoclassicist artworks as springboard.
• Romanticist have highlighted heroic elements
into their work.
• Revolutionary movements such as French
Revolution became the focal point of most
Rmantic works.
 Romanticism
• The major central themes of Romanticism
movement include the emphasis of goodness of
mankind.
• Promotes justice, equality and social order.
• Emphasizes emotions and feelings of man.
• Humanist principle of rationalism.
The Raft of Medusa

Artwork of Théodore Géricault

 Realism
• style of work focuses on the
accuracy of details that depicts
and somehow mirrors reality.
• Heavily influenced by
Hellenistic Greek culture
• Modern movement in art
veered away from traditional
forms of art.
 Realism
• Revolutionized themes and
techniques in painting.
• Expanded and widened existing
notions of what can be
considered as art.
• Artistic work began to depict
real-life events.
• Combine both art and life in
artistic works since the modern
world is suitable for subject of
arts.
Burial at Ornans

Artwork of Gustave Courbet

 Impressionism
• Movement started in France.
• Led to a break from the tradition i European
painting.
• Style of painting that emerged in the mid- to
late 1800s.
• It allows the artists to emphasized immediate
impression he has of a particular event or scene.
 The Harbor at Lorient

• Artwork of Berthe Morisot

• this work is one of the firsrt few “open air” paintings under the Impressionism
movement.
 Post-Impressionism
• Movement emerged in France.
• Result of both the influence and rejection of
Impressionism.
• Development of individual style that gave
emphasis to defining from with the use of
broken colors and short brush stroke.
• Some famous of the famous post-impressionism
artists include Paul Cezanne, Georges Seurat,
Paul Gaugin and Vincent van Gogh.
 Starry Night

• Artwork of Vincent van Gogh

 Neo-Impressionism
• Response to empirical realism of impressionism.
• Painters rely on a systematic and scientific
techniques that have a predetermined visual
effects not only on the artwoek itself but also
how the audience perceive the art.
• Georges Seurat - leading figure of neo-
impressionism.
• his color theories paved the way for the technique
called pointillism.
• Pointillism
• Art technique basically utilizes discrete dots and
dashes of pure color.
• These elementsare beleived to blend ith the
vieers perspective.
Neo-Impressionism Artwork
 Art Nouveau
• 1890-1910
• emerged on Europe and United States.
• Ornamental style of art that break
conservative historicsim.
• Uses long and organic lines that are concretely
manifested in architecture, jewelry, glass
design.
• assymetrical line that usually is in the form of
insect wings and flower stalks.
Art Nouveau
 Fauvism (1900s)
• used vibrant colors by applying straight from the paint tubes
directly to the canvas.
• Fauves have strong and expressive reaction to how they
portray their subjects.
• Most fauvist works reject the conservative and traditional
renderings of three-dimensional space.
• A picture space that is defined by movement of colors.
Fauvism
Cubism (1904-1914)
• Introduced by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
• Cubist highlighted the two-dimensional surface of a
picture plane.
• Focusing on a flat surface was rejection of the
dominant techniques like the use of perspective,
foreshortening and modeling.
• It does not imitate nature.
• New depiction of reality that may appear fragmented
objects of viewers.
Cubism
Futurism
• Early 20th century art movement started in
Italy.
• highlighted speed, energy, dynamism and
power of machines.
• Common themes for works in this
movement are restlessness and the fast-
pace of modern life.
Filippon Tommaso Marinetti
• Coined the term
“futurism.”
• Disregarding the traditional
methods of the art in the
past.
• He believes that art
should embrace and
embody change,
novation, creativity and
originality.
Futurism