CORAL REEF

DETERIORATION
Abdurrahman Yusuf I. 141611233064
Diah Ayu Srihastuti 141611233078

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1. What are factors affecting the
degradation of the coral reef ?
Human Activity
01 The human actvity factors affect the degradation of
associated ecosystems and neary watersheds (Ex:
nutrient pollution sedimentation run off and physical
damage).

Large-Scale Global Enviromental

02 Pressures
Climate change, seawater acidification and
deoxygenation.
2. If you have found the factor affecting,please
connect to the factors to the human activity?

• Agriculture as well as te expanansion of coastal communities and

urban centers can cause degradation coral reef

• Expansion of international trade, ship traffic which can increase the

exchange of diseases and invasive species in the tropics and sub-
tropics.

• Excessive exploitation of fisheries with the loss of key functional

groups such as herbivorous fish can affect coral reefs so that it is
dominated by macroalgae.
3. Please demonstrate one of examples of
detericorated coral reefs! Please show the most
factor causing?
• Coral reef bleaching in May 2016

• In 2015 unusually warm temperatures appeared in te ocean. These

globally driven temperatures reached the threshold for mass coral
bleaching and mortality

• Degradation coral reefs are as in the Caribbean region, coral reefs in

those areas show damage due to fish landing activities.

• Australia has a tenfold increase in sedimentation flowing after the

application of agricultural methods to river fishing activities related to
the Great Barrier Reef.
4. Show the concrete effectors anticipating the corals
deteriorated caused by climate change! Please include
efforts of mitigasing, repairing, protecting and adapting!
Mitigation
01 Reduce carbon emision that came from transportation

Repair
02 Using colonies taken from “Refuge” areas such
as the persian gulf coral repositors

Protection
03 Local, regional, or national regulations, combined with
market signal and social campaigns

Adaptations
04 Promoting “Blue Economies” that embody
sustainability
5. Please show any study on corals degradation
which is relevant to the study program you are
doing!
• Application coral as an antioxidant from bioactive compound in coral
contain

• Causes of coral damage (disease)

• Structure and formation of coral reefs

 Thank you
Wassalamualaikum wr.wb