Lesson 6:

Occupational Safety
and Health
1. Safety Precautions
Learning Objectives:

1. Follow safety precautions in the kitchen

2. Identify the types of workplace hazards.
3. Identify workplace health safety and security
procedures.
Safety Precautions

1. Repair all faulty appliances

2. Service and clean all kitchen appliances
3. Unplug all kitchen appliances
4. Never touch any appliance with wet hands
5. Do not overload outlets
6. Never let children play in the kitchen
Hazards and Risks in the Workplace

 Hazard– is a term used to described

something that has the potential to cause
harm.
 Risk- is a measure of possibility of a
specific harmful effect in given
circumstances.
Types of Workplace Hazards
1. Safety Hazard – caused by inadequate and insufficient
machine guards, unsafe workplace conditions and Insafe
work practices.
2. Biological Hazards – caused by organisms' such as viruses,
bacteria, fungi and parasites.
3. Chemical Hazards – include solid, liquid, vapor or gaseous
chemicals, dust, fume or mist.
4. Ergonomic Hazards – caused by anatomical, physiological,
and psychological demands in the worker.
Types of Workplace Hazards

5. Physical Hazards – caused by noise, vibration,

energy, weather, electricity, radiation and
pressure.
6. Psychological Hazards – basically cause stress to
a worker.
7. Mechanical and/or Electrical Hazards – include
electricity, machinery, equipment, pressure
vessels, dangerous goods, fork lifts, cranes and
hoists.
Workplace Health Safety and Security
Procedures.
 One of the aspects of maintaining a productive workplace
is making sure that there are effective health, safety and
security procedures in the place.
1. Health - ????
2. Safety - ????
3. Security - ????
Laws Concerning Safety, Health and
Welfare

A. Safety, Health and Welfare at Work Act 2005

 The act sets out the right and obligation of both employers and
employees and provides for substantial fines and penalties for
breaches of health and safe legislation.
 B. Safety, Health ad Welfare at Work (General Application)
Regulations 2007

1. Employer’s duty – under Section 8 of the act

a. Provide and maintain a safe workplace which uses safe plant and
equipment.
b. Prevent risks from use of any article or substance and from
exposure to physical agents, noise and vibration.
c. Prevent any improper conduct or behavior likely to put the safety,
health, and welfare of employees at risks.
d. Provide instruction and training to employees on health and safety.
e. Provide protective clothing and equipment to employees
f. Appoint a competent person as the organization’s safety officer.
 2. Employee’s Duty – Section 13

a. To take reasonable care to protect the health and safety of themselves

and other people in the workplace.
b. Not to engage in improper behavior that will endanger themselves or
others.
c. Not to be under the influence of drinks or drugs in the workplace.
d. To undergo any reasonable medical or other assessment if requested to
do so by the employer.
e. To report any defects in the place of work or equipment which might
be a danger to health and safety.
Risk Assessment and Safety Statement
 Guidelines on Risk Assessments and Safety Statements

1. Protective Equipment and Measures

a. Gloves – dishwashing gloves, cut resistant

gloves, freezer gloves.
b. Oven Mitts
c. Apron
d. Anti-slip shoes
e. Slip-resistant mat
 Guidelines on Risk Assessments and Safety Statements

2. Reporting accidents
3. Health and safety leave
4. Health and Safety for young people
5. Violence in the workplace
6. Bullying
Safety Signs and Color at Work

 Safety/or Health Sign – is an information or instruction

about health and safety at work on a signboard, a color,
an illuminated sign or acoustic signal, a verbal
communication or hand signal.
 Signboard – is a combination of shape, color and symbol
or pictogram made visible by adequate lighting and which
have supplementary text.
Universal Colors used in Safety Signs:

 Red sign – this means that there is a risk of danger or fire

associated with the work area.
 Yellow sign – worker should use caution before
performing tasks, also indicate hazardous situation.
 Green sign – used to note the location of safety
equipment.
 Blue sign – used to indicate a statement of company policy
as the message relates to the personal safety or
protection of property.
 color Meaning or Instruction and Intrinsic Features Example
Purpose Information

Prohibition/ Dangerous Round shape,

RED Danger alarm behavior, stop,
shutdown,
black pictogram
on white
emergency cut- background; red
out devices, edging and
evacuate diagonal line; red
part to be at least
35% of the area of
the sign.

Warning BE careful; take Triangular shape;

YELLOW or precautions; black pictogram
AMBER examine on yellow
background with
black edging;
yellow part to be
at least 50% of the
area sign.
 color Meaning or Instruction and Intrinsic Features Example
Purpose Information

Mandatory Specific behaviour Round shape;

BLUE or action, such as
wear personal
white pictogram
on blue
protective background; blue
equipment part to be at least
50% of the area of
the sign.

Emergency Doors; exits; Rectangular or

GREEN escape; first aid; escapes routes; square shape;
no danger equipment and white pictogram
facilities; return on green
to normal background; green
part to be at least
50% of the area of
the sign.
 color Meaning or Instruction and Intrinsic Features Example
Purpose Information

Fire fighting Identification and Rectangular or

RED (Fire equipment location square shape;
white pictogram
fighting on red
background; red

signs)
part to be at least
50% of the sign.
Types of Safety Signs

1. Safety and/or Health Sign

2. Signboard
a. Prohibition sign
b. Mandatory sign
c. Warning sign
d. Emergency escape or First-aid sign
3. Safety color
Types of Safety Signs
4. Illuminated sign – made of transparent or translucent materials
which is illuminated from the inside or rear to give the
appearance of a luminous surface.
5. Acoustic signal – sound signal which is transmitted without the
use or a human or artificial voice.
6. Hand signal – movement or position of the arms or hands giving
a recognized signal and guiding persons who are carrying out
maneuvers which are hazard or danger to people. Direct
hazardous operations.
7. Fire safety sign – information on escape routes and emergency
exits on case of fire.
 Pointers for Effective Safety Sign and
Color Use
1. Attract a person’s attention
2. Clearly identify the nature of the hazard
3. Specify the immediate action required
4. Be posted in a place that provides enough time for a person to read the
sign and act accordingly
5. Be easily recognized and understood by all employees, reflect the needs
of those who have visual limitations, or who do not speak english.
6. Be sized or placed accordingly to the importance of the message.
 Posting Signs
1. Signs should be clearly visible
2. Keep signs well lighted
3. Lighting should also be sufficient to make any hazard clearly visible
4. Post sign within an appropriate distance from the hazard it is pointing
out.
5. Signs should be display alone
6. Use no more than three symbols in the same location
7. Ensure that directional sign are visible from all directions. Include arrows
on exit signs whenever the direction is not obvious.
8. Directional sign should be posted at a consistent height throughout the
workplace.
9. They should always be posted at appropriate locations or decision points
so that the route to take is always clear.