CURRICULUM FROM

DIFFERENT POINTS OF VIEW

Presented by: Mary Grace G. Ladaran
Traditional Points Of View
• Curriculum-body of subjects or subject
matter prepared by the teachers for the
students to learn
-course of study

-syllabus{means a list of the topics

or books that will be studied in a
course}
Robert M. Hutchins

Curriculum as "permanent studies"

3 Rs are: reading, writing, and arithmetic
- a widely used abbrevition for the basic
elements of a primary school
curriculum:reading, 'riting{writing} and
'rithmetic{arithmetic}.
Arthur Bestor
• Curriculum should focus on the
fundamental intellectual disciplines of
grammar, literature and writing.Include
mathematics, science, history and foreign
language.
Joseph Schwab

-the sole source of curriculum is discipline

-is derived into chunks of knowledge
-call subjects areas
in basic education such as English,
Mathematics, Science, Social Studies and
others
-in college discipline include Humanities,
Sciences and Languages.
Progressive Points of View of
Curriculum
JOHN DEWY'S
Definition of experience and
education.Derived from action but tested by
application.
CASWELL and CAMPHELL
All experience children have under the
guidance.
This definition is school by Smith, Stanley
and Shores, that in the school for the
purpose of disciplining children and youth in
group ways of thinking and acting.
MARSH and WILLIS
Experiences in the classroom which are
planned and enacted by the teacher, and
also learned by the students
RALPH TYLER MODEL
4 Fundamental Principles are:
1. What educational purposes should the
school seek to attain?
2. What educational experiences can be
provided that are to attain these purposes?
3. How can these educational experiences
be effectively organized?
4. How can we determine whether these
purposes are being attained or not?
-To aim standard education, qualified
Educational Institution and Faculty
-Learning is said to take place through
experiences that the learner has such as
reactions the student makes to the
environment in which he/she is placed.
-Organization of educational experiences is
to produce a cumultative effect, they most
be organized that they reinforce each other.
-Evaluation of the experience.
It is important to check that the plans for
learning experiences are functioning to
guide the teacher in producing the outcomes
for evaluation.
HILDA TABA MODEL
Her advocacy was commonly called the
“grass-roots” approach
• 1. Diagnosis of Needs
-Diagnosis of learner needs and
expectations of the larger society, the
teacher starts the process by identifying the
needs of the students for whom the
curriculum is to be designed.
2. Formulating Objectives
-is measurable and operational. It is tells
specific things you will accomplish in your
project. The objective should be as clearly
and crisply stated as possible.
3. Selecting Content
-selection needs to give appropriate balance
to subject knowledge, process skills and the
development of the student as learner as
well as to detain and context.
4. Organizing Contents
-it refers to Key concepts, Main ideas, and
Facts
5. Selecting Learning Experience
-is the interaction between the learner and
the external conditions in the environment to
which he can react.
6. Organizing Learning Experience
-is the process of creating, retaining and
transfering knowlegde within an
organization. An organization improves over
time as it gains experience. From this
experience, it is able to create knowlegde.
Teaching Strategies for Cognitive
Development
- is a field of study in neuroscience and
psychology focusing on a childs
development in terms of information
processing, conceptual resources,
perceptual skill/, language learning, and
other aspects of the developed adult brain
and cognitive psychology.
3 Interacting processes in curriculum
deveploment
Planning
is a process of looking at the standards in
each subject area and developing a strategy
to breakdown those standards so they can
be taught to students.
ex. standard education
Implementing
the actual teaching and learning activities
taking place in schools through interaction
between learners and teachers as well as
among learners.
ex. How the intented curriculum is translated
into practice and actually delivered
Evaluating
it is a judgement of planning and
implementing and the form of formative and
summative.
7 Types of Curriculum Operating in
Schools
Recommended Curriculum
-proposed by scholars and professional
organizations
-it identifies the skills, concepts and content
that will be emphasized throughout the
learning process
-Is often presented by the authority to
schools as a policy recommendation w/ a list
of goals ans sequence content that suggest
the graduation requirements.
ex. CHED
Written Curriculum
-appears in school, district, division or
country documents
-most made by curriculum experts with the
participations of teachers
ex. lesson plan
Taught Curriculum
-What teachers implement or deliver in the
classrooms and schools. {also known as
Operational Curriculum}
ex. activity given by the teachers such as quizzes
or exam
Supported Curriculum
-in order to have a successful teaching other
than the teacher, there must be materials
which should support or help in the
implementation of a written curriculum
-support curriculum should enable each
learner to achieve real and lifelong learning
ex. textbooks,computers,audio visual
materials
Assessed Curriculum
-refers to a tested or evaluated curriculum
-at the duration and end of the teaching
episodes, series of evaluations are being
done by the teachers to determine the
extent of teaching or to test if the students
are progressing
ex. pencil and paper test
Learned Curriculum
-this refers to the learning outcomes
achieved by the students{ also known as
Experienced Curriculum}
-a learner absorbs or makes sense of as a
result of interaction with the teacher, class-
fellows or the institution. It includes the
knowledge, attitudes and skills acquired by
the student.
Hidden Curriculum
-is the unintended curriculum which is not
deliberately planned but may modify
behavior or influence learning outcomes
ex. influence,school environment,physical
conditions,teacher-learner interaction, mood
of the teacher
QUIZ
1. What are the 7 types of curriculum
operating in schools?
2. What do you mean by curriculum
according to Arthur Bestor?
3. Why is curriculum important in
teaching/learning process?
4. What is the role of teachers in curriculum
development?
5. What are the steps are as follows of
determining grass-roots approach?