STEEL

AS A BUILDING MATERIAL

SUBMITTED TO – SUBMITTED BY –
AR. DAMANDEEP KAUR JASKIRAT ARORA
AR. SIMRANPAL SINGH 1731681
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 CONTENT
TOPICS PAGE NO.
1. INTRODUCTION 3
2. PROPERTIES 4
3. MANUFACTURING 6
4. TYPES OF STEEL 10
a) Low carbon steel 11
b) Medium carbon steel 12
c) High carbon steel 13
5. APPLICATIONS 14
6. STEEL WINDOW AND DOOR DETAILS 16
7. PRESSED STEEL DETAILS 23
8. ADVANTAGES 29
9. DISADVANTAGES 30
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 INTRODUCTION
• Alloys of iron and carbon but they always contain other elements, either as impurities or alloying
elements.
• Man-made metal containing
1. 95% or more - Iron
2. 1 – 2% - Carbon
3. Smaller amounts (around 1.6%) of Manganese, Nickel to improve certain properties.
• Carbon improves strength/hardness but reduces ductility and toughness.
• Low carbon steels are not used as structural materials.
• Alloying nickel, the tensile strength can be increased while retaining the desired ductility.

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 PROPERTIES
• Tensile Strength –
1. The amount of stress that a substance can take before becoming structurally deformed is
called tensile strength.
2. The tensile strength of steel is comparatively high, making it highly resistant to fracture or
breakage.
• Ductility -
1. Ductility is the ability of steel to change shape on the application of force to it, without
resulting in a fracture.
• Malleability -
1. Malleability allows steel to be deformed under compression.

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• Durability -
1. The hardness of this alloy is high, reflecting its ability to resist strain.
2. It is long-lasting and greatly resistant to external wear and tear. Hence it is considered a very
durable material.

• Conductivity -
1. Steel is a good conductor of heat and electricity. These properties make it good choice for
making domestic cookware, as well as electrical wiring.

• Luster -
1. One of the physical properties of steel is its attractive outer appearance.
2. It is silvery in color with a shiny, lustrous outer surface.

• Rust Resistance -
1. The addition of certain elements, makes some types of steel resistant to rust. Stainless steel
for instance contains nickel, molybdenum and chromium which improve its ability to resist
rust.
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 MANUFACTURING
• First stage : Preparing the mineral of iron
1. It starts in the mine or quarry, where it is obtained.
2. In nature it is rock with iron, oxide, dirt and other impurities

• Second stage : The Blast Furnace

1. Lime stone, coke and ore are introduced.
a) Coke: is a fuel with few impurities and high carbon content, usually made from coal
b) Limestone: a sedimentary rock consisting predominantly of calcium carbonate.
c) Ore: the usable part of the rock of iron.
2. The hot air is injected from nozzles at the bottom of the furnace, this way, the reaction is
accelerated and the temperature rises higher. The temperature is very high, over 1500ºC

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 3. The lower part of the blast furnace is called crucible. Melted minerals precipitate on it
4. Pig iron accumulates at the bottom and the slag stays above it
5. They are separated, the pig iron is the usable part.
6. The pig iron usually cool in molds, after, they are transported to steel companies.

• Third stage :
1. The pig iron contents too much carbon and impurities in the composition. Needs to reduce it
before becoming steel
2. The carbon and other impurities are reduce inside the converter.
3. Scrap is added to the pig iron, so the scrap is recycled.
4. Oxygen is injected in order to burn the carbon and eliminate the impurities.
5. After, slag is remove. And the liquid Steel is ready to get the final shape

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TYPES OF STEEL 10
1. LOW CARBON STEEL

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2.MEDIUM CARBON STEEL

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3. HIGH CARBON STEEL

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APPLICATION OF STEEL

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STEEL WINDOW AND DOOR

DETAILS

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PRESSED STEEL

DETAILS

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ADVANTAGES OF STEEL

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ADVANTAGE OF STEEL : DISADVANTAGE OF STEEL :

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DISADVANTAGES OF STEEL

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 REFERENCES
1. https://cpwd.gov.in/Publication/manualdw.pdf
2. https://www.slideshare.net/YatharthThakkar/steel-78385272

FOR MORE INFORMATION:

http://www.iitk.ac.in/ce/test/IS-codes/is.1038.1983.pdf
https://www.steeldoor.org/T-DOC/SDI-111.php

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