 Behaviorism

 Cognitivism
 Social learning theory
 Social Constructivism
 Multiple Intelligence
 Brain-Based Learning
BEHAVIORISM
 Idea that behavior is acquired through conditioning.
 Measures behavior by a learner’s response to stimuli.
 A learner’s response to stimuli can be reinforced using
positive or negative feedback.
 Also known as Pavlovian or
Respondent conditioning
 Refers to a learning procedure in
which a biologically potent stimulus
is paired with a previously neutral
stimulus.
 It also refers to the learning process
that results from this pairing,
through which the neutral stimulus
comes to elicit a response (e.g.
salivation) that is usually similar to
the one elicited by the potent
stimulus.
Operant Conditioning

 Also known as Instrumental

Conditioning.
 is a learning process through which
the strength of a behavior is
modified by reinforcement or
punishment.
 It is also a procedure that is used to
bring about such learning.
 stimuli present when a behavior is
rewarded or punished come to
control that behavior. Operant
behavior is said to be "voluntary"
 Rewards and
Punishment
 Responsibility for
student learning rests
squarely with the
teacher.
 Lecture-Based and
highly structured.
 It does not count for process taking
place in the mind that cannot be
observed.
 Advocates for passive student
learning in a teacher centric
environment.
 One size fits all.
 Knowledge itself is given and
absolute.
 There is programmed instruction
and teacher-proofing.
COGNITIVISM
 is a learning theory that focuses on the processes
involved in learning rather than on the observed
behavior.
 As opposed to Behaviorists, Cognitivists do not require
an outward exhibition of learning, but focus more on
the internal processes and connections that take place
during learning.
 Cognitivism contends that “the black box” of the mind
should be opened and understood.
 Inquiry – Oriented projects
 Provide opportunities for the
testing of hypotheses.
 Curiosity is encouraged
 Stage scaffholding.
 Like behaviorism,
Knowledge itself is given
and absolute.
 Input-process – output
model is mechanistic
and deterministic.
 It does not account for
individuality.
 It has little emphasis on
effective characteristics.
SOCIAL LEARNING
THEORY
 is a theory of learning process and social behavior which
proposes that new behaviors can be acquired by observing
and imitating others.
 It states that learning is a cognitive process that takes place
in a social context and can occur purely through
observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of
motor reproduction or direct reinforcement.
 In addition to the observation of behavior, learning also
occurs through the observation of rewards and
punishments, a process known as vicarious reinforcement.
When a particular behavior is rewarded regularly, it will
most likely persist; conversely, if a particular behavior is
constantly punished, it will most likely desist.
 Attend to pertinent clues
 Code for memory
 Retain in memory
 Accurately produce the
observed activity
 Possess sufficient
motivation to apply new
learning.
 Collaborative learning
and group work.
 Modelling Responses
and Expectations
 There are opportunities
to observe experts in
action.
 SOCIAL
CONSTRUCTIVISM
 is a sociological theory of knowledge according to
which human development is socially situated and
knowledge is constructed through interaction with
others.
 Journaling
 Experiential activities
 Personal focus
 Collaborative and
cooperative Learning
 MULTIPLE
INTELLIGENCE
 This theory suggests that traditional psychometric
views of intelligence are too limited. Gardner first
outlined his theory in his 1983 book "Frames of Mind:
The Theory of Multiple Intelligences," where he
suggested that all people have different kinds of
"intelligences." Gardner proposed that there are eight
intelligences, and has suggested the possible addition
of a ninth known as "existentialist intelligence."
 Delivery of instruction
via multiple mediums.
 Student- centered
classroom
 Authentic assessment
 Self-directed Learning
 For me Behaviorism theory is something a persons
behavior is acquired through the environment.

 For me Cognitivism is something about how does one

thinks or perceive to one stimuli or stimulus than
other
 Social Learning theory is something that one person
learns from other. They get ideas and other by just
observing, watching or learning from other.

 Social constructivism is developed by interacting of

one person to others.