-Jho Ann S.

Talosig
Meaning of Research
Research – is a process of executing
various mental acts for
discovering and
examining facts and
information to prove the
accuracy or truthfulness
of such claims or
conclusions about the
topic of the study.
 Meaning of Research
Research – a way of discovering
new knowledge, applying
knowledge in various
ways as well as seeing
relationships of ideas,
events, and situations.
– a process requiring one to
work logically or
systematically and
collaboratively with others.
Characteristics of Research
1. Accuracy. It must give correct
and accurate data, which the
footnotes, notes, and
bibliographical entries should
honestly and appropriately
documented or
acknowledged.
Characteristics of Research
2. Objectiveness. It must deal
with facts, not with mere
opinions arising from
assumptions,
generalizations, predictions,
or conclusions.
Characteristics of Research
3. Timeliness. It must
work on a topic that
is fresh, new, and
interesting to the
present society.
Characteristics of Research
4. Relevance. Its topic must be
instrumental in improving
society or in solving
problems affecting the lives
of people I a community.
Characteristics of Research
5. Clarity. It must succeed in
expressing its central
point or discoveries by
using simple, direct,
concise, and correct
language.
Characteristics of Research
6. Systematic. It must
take place in an
organized or orderly
manner.
Purposes of Research
To learn to work
independently
To learn how to work
scientifically or systematically
To have an in-depth
knowledge of something
Purposes of Research
To elevate mental abilities by
letting you think in higher-
order thinking strategies
(HOTS) of inferring,
evaluating, synthesizing,
appreciating, applying, and
creating.
Purposes of Research
To improve reading and writing
skills
To be familiar with the basic
tools of research and the various
techniques of gathering data and
of presenting research findings
Purposes of Research
To free oneself, to a certain
extent, from the domination or
string influence of a single
textbook or of the professor’s
lone viewpoint or spoon
feeding.
Types of Research
1. Based on Application of
Research Method.
a. Pure Research.
- this type of research
aims to increase one’s
knowledge about something.
1. Based on Application of
Research Method.
b. Applied Research.
- this type of research
aims to solve societal
problems or issues, finding
ways to make positive
changes in society.
Types of Research
2. Based on Purpose of the
Research.
a. Descriptive Research.
- this type of research aims
at defining or giving a verbal
portrayal or picture of a
person, thing or event, group,
situation, etc.
2. Based on Purpose of the Research.
b. Correlational Research.
- shows relationships or
connectedness of two factors,
circumstances, or agents called
variables that affect the
research. It is only concerned
in indicating the existence of a
relationship.
2. Based on Purpose of the Research.
c. Explanatory Research.
- this type of research
elaborates or explains not just
the reasons behind the
relationships of two factors,
but also the ways by which
such relationship exists.
2. Based on Purpose of the Research.

d. Exploratory Research.
- its purpose is to find
out how reasonable or
possible it is to conduct a
research study on a
certain topic.
2. Based on Purpose of the Research.
e. Action Research.
- this type of research
studies an ongoing practice
of a school, organization,
community, or institution
for the purpose of obtaining
results that will bring
improvements in the system.
 Types of Research
2. Based on Types of Data Needed
a. Qualitative Research.
- this type of research requires
non-numerical data, which means that
the researcher uses words rather than
numbers to express the results, the
inquiry, or investigation about people’s
thoughts, beliefs, feelings, views, and
lifestyles regarding the object of the
study.
 Types of Research
2. Based on Types of Data Needed
b. Quantitative Research.
- this type of research requires
involves measurement of data. Thus,
it presents research findings referring
to the number or frequency of
something in numerical forms (i.e.,
using percentages, fractions,
numbers).
Types of Data
 Primary Data – are obtained
through direct
observation or contact with
people, objects, artifacts,
paintings, etc.
– are new and original
information resulting from
your sensory experience.
Types of Data
 Secondary Data – are
information that are
already written or
reported and are available
for reading purposes.
Approaches to Research
 Scientific or Positive Approach
- information are discovered and
measured as well as variables are
observed and controlled in an
impersonal manner.
- the data gathering techniques are
structured interviews, questionnaires,
and observational checklists.
- suitable for quantitative research.
Approaches to Research
 Naturalistic Approach
- it uses words in contrast to the
scientific approach.
- this approach directs one to deal
with qualitative data that speak of
how people behave toward their
surroundings.
- it happens in a natural setting.
Approaches to Research
Triangulation Approach
- it combines the two
approaches.
- one can use multiple methods,
data gathering, and data
analysis techniques.