PRESENTATION ON

BIO ENERGY

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

RAJEEV SHARMA MD RAIHAN ARFIN
ENERGY AND ITS CLASSIFICATION:
• The scientific definition of energy is that “Energy is the indirectly
observed physical quantity which is the ability of a body or a system
to do work”.

• The two main categories in which energy is classified are:

1. Renewable energy.
2. Non-renewable energy.
 BIOMASS
• Biomass is any organic matter, which may include wood, wood
waste, straw, manure and byproducts from variety of agricultural
processes.

• It is also defined as the organic

matter produced by plants
(terrestrial and aquatic) and
animal manure.
 BIOMASS ENERGY
• Biomass energy or Bio energy is the conversion of biomass into useful
form of energy such as heat, electricity and liquid fuels.

• Biomass continues to account for an estimated 1/3rd of the primary

energy use, while in some poor countries about 90% of the total
energy is produced from biomass.

• Biomass technologies are being created that will enable living plant
matter such as agricultural crops, seeds, grasses, wild plants, trees
and shrubs, etc, as well as organic waste in the form of biodegradable
materials, garbage, compost, animal manure and other waste
products to be converted into usable energy.
 FORMS OF BIOMASSS
• Biomass is available in all three basic forms of matter: Solid, Liquid,
and Gas, which themselves can be sub-divided into primary and
secondary products.

• Solid Biomass – also known as “feedstock”, which are solid or

compressed pieces of organic matter in the form of pellets that
release their stored energy through combustion and burning. Solid
biomass includes:

1. Wood & wood residues such as trees, shrubs, sawdust, pellets, chips
and waste wood.
2. Agricultural residues like straw, grasses, seeds, roots, dried plants,
nut shells and husks.
3. Processed waste such as Bagasse plant waste.
4. Animal waste such as dried slurry and manure.
5. Municipal solid waste from household and garbage.

Solid Biomass

Liquid Biomass: It is also known as “bio fuel”, is any kind of fluid or liquid produced from solid
matter that is processed to produce a type of fuel. It includes:

• Vegetable oils either new from sunflower or recycled waste vegetable oils.
• Methanol, Ethanol and alcohol based fuels fermented from corn, grain and other plant matter.
• Biodiesel distilled from vegetable oils and animal fat.
Gas Biomass: It is also known as “biogas”, is any kind of natural
forming gas given off by decaying plants, decomposing animals,
slurry and manure that can be used as a type of fuel. Liquid biomass
or biogas include:

• Methane from decomposing plants, animals

and manure.
• Biogases generated from rotting rubbish in
landfills.
• Hydrogen for batteries and fuel cells.
• Synthesis Gas blended from Carbon Monoxide and Hydrogen.
• Natural Gas from fossil fuels.
TECHNIQUES FOR CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO
BIOENERGY
1. Thermal conversion: It uses heat with or without the presence of oxygen to
convert biomass or feed stock into other forms of energy. It includes direct
combustion and pyrolysis.

2. Thermochemical conversion: It is the application of heat and chemical

processes to convert biomass materials or feed stock into useful form of
energy. A key thermochemical conversion process of biomass to bioenergy is
gasification.

3. Chemical conversion: It uses chemical agents to convert biomass to

biofuels.

4. Biochemical conversion: It uses enzymes, bacteria or other

microorganisms to breakdown biomass into liquid fuels and includes
anaerobic digestion and fermentation.
THERMAL CONVERSION
PYROLYSIS:
• It is a processes of subjecting a biomass feedstock to high
temperatures (greater than 430°C) under pressurized
environments and at low Oxygen levels.

• Processes of pyrolysis result in liquid

fuels and a solid residue called char,
or biochar.