Management Information System

Dr. Somesh Kumar Sharma

MED
NIT Hamirpur
 Information Systems
 Why Do People Need Information?

 Individuals - Entertainment and enlightenment

 Businesses - Decision making, problem solving and

control

Dr. SomeshMISSharma, NIT

715 Eaton Fall Hamirpur
2001 1
 Data, Information,
and Systems
 Data vs. Information

 Data
 A “given,” or fact; a number, a statement, or a picture
 Represents something in the real world
 The raw materials in the production of information

 Information
 Data that have meaning within a context
 Data in relationships
 Data after manipulation
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Dr. Somesh Sharma, NIT Hamirpur
 Data, Information,
and Systems
 Data Manipulation

 Example: customer survey

 Reading through data collected from a customer survey with
questions in various categories would be time-consuming and
not very helpful.
 When manipulated, the surveys may provide useful
information.

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Dr. Somesh Sharma, NIT Hamirpur
 Data, Information,
and Systems
 Generating Information
 Computer-based ISs take data as raw material, process it, and
produce information as output.

Figure 1.1 Input-process-output

Dr. Somesh Sharma, NIT Hamirpur
MIS 715 Eaton Fall 2001 4
 Data, Information,
and Systems
 Information in Context

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Dr. Somesh
Figure 1.2 Characteristics Sharma,
of useful NIT Hamirpur
information
 Data, Information,
and Systems
 What Is a System?
 System: A set of components that work together to achieve a
common goal

 Subsystem: One part of a system where the products of more

than one system are combined to reach an ultimate goal

 Closed system: Stand-alone system that has no contact with other

systems

 Open system: System that interfaces with other systems

Dr. Somesh Sharma,

MIS 715 Eaton NIT Hamirpur
Fall 2001 6
 Data, Information,
and Systems

Figure 1.3 Several subsystems make up this corporate accounting

system.
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Dr. Somesh Sharma, NIT Hamirpur
 Data, Information,
and Systems

Figure 1.5 Qualities of humans and computers that contribute to

synergy
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Somesh Fall 2001
Sharma, NIT Hamirpur 9
 Data, Information,
and Systems
 The Benefits of Human-Computer Synergy

 Synergy
 When combined resources produce output that exceeds the
sum of the outputs of the same resources employed separately

 Allows human thought to be translated into efficient

processing of large amounts of data

Dr. MIS 715 Eaton

Somesh Fall 2001
Sharma, NIT Hamirpur 10
 Data, Information,
and Systems

Figure 1.6 Components of an information system

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Dr. Somesh Sharma, NIT Hamirpur
 Data, Information,
and Systems
 The Four Stages of Data Processing

 Input: Data is collected and entered into computer.

 Data processing: Data is manipulated into information using

mathematical, statistical, and other tools.

 Output: Information is displayed or presented.

 Storage: Data and information are maintained for later use.

MIS 715 Eaton Fall 2001 12

Dr. Somesh Sharma, NIT Hamirpur
Functional Perspectives of MIS
• Financial MIS
– Will integrate information from multiple
sources
– Functions
• Costing
• P&L reporting
• Auditing
• Funds management

Dr. MIS
Somesh Sharma,
175 Spring NIT Hamirpur
2002 Chapter 10 10
Functional Perspectives of MIS
• Manufacturing
– Design and Engineering
– Master Production Scheduling
– Inventory Control
– Materials Planning
– Manufacturing and Process Control
– Quality Control

Dr.MIS 175 Spring 2002 Chapter 10

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Functional Perspectives of MIS
• Marketing
– Market research
• Web-based market research
– Pricing

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Dr. Somesh Sharma, NIT Hamirpur
Functional Perspectives of MIS
• Transportation and Logistics
– Route and schedule optimization
• Human Resources
• Accounting

Dr. Somesh Sharma,

MIS 175 Spring 2002 NIT Hamirpur
Chapter 10 13