International Conference

Green Construction Technology and Engineering Education (GCEE) 2017

Atria Hotel, Malang, August 9th 2017

A Review in Geopolymer Cement Binder With Dry Mixing Method

(Geopolymer Cement)

Ridho Bayuaji, S.T., M.T, Ph.D

Civil Infrastructure Engineering Department, Vocational Faculty, ITS
Prof. Ir. Muhammad Sigit Dharmawan, M.Eng.Sc., Ph.D
Civil Infrastructure Engineering Department, Vocational Faculty, ITS
Tri Eddy Susanto, S.T., M.T
Research and Product Application Department, PT. Semen Indonesia (persero) Tbk
Abdul Karim Yasin, S.ST
Civil Infrastructure Engineering Department, Vocational Faculty, ITS
OUTLINE :

Part 3. Literature Review

Part 1. Introduction (Design Parameter) Part 5. Conclusion

Part 2. Deffinition and Difference Part 4. Performance

02
Part 1. Introduction

1. Background

2. Objective

03
1. Background
Inspiration:
Problem:
In Civil Engineering Side..
In other hand…
World Cement Demand (Million Metric Tons) : Long Term
200.00
Si&Al Powder
180.00

Portland Cement Concrete Materials Geopolymer Binder

160.00 Pozzolanic & Cementitious (usually, used wet
Filler: Coarse andmixing method)
Fine Aggregate
•Easier to be accepted by ordinary peeple,
140.00
Million Metric Ton

World Fly Ash Production vs World Cement Demand •Mix design involves chemical
because in it application Binder:
only just Geopolymer
add any Paste Fly Ash
2500.00
120.00 water
Geopolymer Concrete to mix with portland cement as a main GEOPOLYMER content ratio calculation.
binder in the concrete. (usually,(Davidovits,
used wet mixing method) (Ordinary pepole will be feel difficult to
Predicted only fill up to 83,29% world
Infrastructure
100.00 1979) Idea: • One geopolimer).
make of the most available
Million Metric Ton

2000.00
Polymerization World Cement Demand (Million Cement Demand. (Portland Cement
Weakness
80.00 Advantages
Metric Tons) pozzolanic and2013) cementitious
Association,
Increase Cementitious Material to• Mix
1500.00
60.00 • Environmentally friendly. design involves chemical content
material.
Concrete Portland Cement
1000.00 • High workability (Selfreduce cement clinker share
leveling).
World Fly Ash Production
ratio calculation.
• Able to reduces 20-30% cement
40.00
Cement Clinker (Ordinary
Binderpepole
Mainwill be feel difficult to
One of the most used
• Chemical attack resistant. in structural material
Trend
World of World
Cement Demand content of concrete
and weight.
Material to produce a strength
Hydroxide Alkali500.00
20.00
• High temperature Production
resistant. Geopolymer Cement
make geopolimer).
Research about some geopolymer were inreased, especially
Silicate Alkali
on 2006 and above.
0.00
2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025 2026 2027 2028 2029 (www.geopolymer.org)
2016 0.00 2030
Infrastructure is the 2nd affecting parameter of the Competitiveness a Country
(Abdullah et al, 2013)
(World Economic Forum, 2016) A Review in Geopolymer Binder with Dry Mixing Method
Years
Years
(Geopolymer
Availability of fly ash in the cement)
world can fill up to 12x world portland cement demand.
(Global Mining Confrence, 2010)
04
2. Objective

1. To know the definition of geopolimer binder with dry mixing method

To know the design parameter of geopolymer binder with dry mixing method 2.

3. To know the potential performance of geopolymer binder with dry mixing method

05
Part 2. Definition and Difference

1. Deffinition

2. Difference

06
1. Definition
(CSIR-NML, 2016)
Wet Geopolymer Method
The wet mixing method is the most commonly
used method, wherein the alkali activator used is
presented solely solution form.
The Sodium Hidroxide are dissolved according
to the desired molar concentration.
Sodium Silikacate is presented in a liquid form, or
called water glass.
(Abdullah et al, 2013)
Dry Geopolymer Method
The dry mixing method is a method whereby the
alkali activator is milled together with pozzolan
materials with a certain composition, resulting in a
fine grain similar to cement, or called geopolymer
cement.
This geopolymer cement in its application, its only
just add any water like portland cement binder.
(Tri Eddy, 2016)
07
2. Difference

Wet Geopolymer Method Dry Geopolymer Method

(Yun Ming et al, 2016; Tri Eddy, 2016)

(Davidovits,1979; Yun Ming et al, 2016) (Tri Eddy, 2016)

(Abdullah et al, 2013; Tri Eddy, 2016)

08
Part 3. Literature Review of design parameter of dry mixing method
(by converting the calculation from wet to dry method)

1. Fly Ash to Solid Activator Ratio 3. Water to cement ratio

2. Sodium Hydroxide to Sodium Silicate Ratio (Solid)

09
1. Fly Ash to Solid Activator Ratio

a. Notation (Mass) on wet mixing method-Mix design. d. Calculating the weight of activator (solid), and also the ratio of fly-
ash to activator (solid)

(1)
(2)

b. Ratio of sodium hydroxide (solid) to water in some molar

concentration of sodium hydroxide solution. (3)
(4)

c. Notation of chemical content percentage in sodium silicate

solution.

10
2. Sodium Hydroxide to Sodium Silicate Ratio (Solid)

a. Calculating the percentage of sodium hydroxide in a solid

c. Calculating the total weight of water in activator solution
activator content.
(9)
(5)
d. Calculating the water to cement ratio
b. Calculating the percentage of sodium silicate in a solid
activator content. (10)

(6)

3. Water to Cement Ratio

a. Calculating the weight of water in sodium hydroxide solution

(7)

b. Calculating the weight of water in sodium silicate solution

(8)

11
4. Case study : Fly ash based geopolymer (Hardjito, 2005) – Mix 2 Composition

A. Fly Ash to Solid Activator Ratio

a. Composition design (from wet mixing method) d. Calculating the weight of activator (solid), and also the ratio of fly-
ash to activator (solid)

(1)

b. Ratio of sodium hydroxide (solid) to water in some molar (2)

concentration of sodium hydroxide solution.

(3)

c. Chemical content percentage in sodium silicate solution.

(4)

12
4. Case study : Fly ash based geopolymer (Hardjito, 2005) – Mix 2 Composition (Continue..)

b. Calculating the weight of water in sodium silicate solution

B. Sodium Hydroxide to Sodium Silicate Ratio (Solid)
(8)
a. Calculating the percentage of sodium hydroxide in a solid
activator content.

(5)
c. Calculating the total weight of water in activator solution

(9)

b. Calculating the percentage of sodium silicate in a solid

activator content.
d. Calculating the water to cement ratio

(6)
(10)

C. Water to cement ratio

a. Calculating the weight of water in sodium hydroxide solution

(7)

13
4. Case study : Fly ash based geopolymer (Hardjito, 2005) – Mix 2 Composition (Continue..)

Wet Geopolymer Method Dry Geopolymer Method

14
5. Resume of the literature review: Design parameter of dry mixing method

1. Fly Ash to Solid Activator Ratio

3. Water to cement ratio
(3)
(10)
(4)

2. Sodium Hydroxide to Sodium Silicate Ratio (Solid)

(5)

(6)

15
Part 4. Potential performance of geopolymer binder with dry mixing method

Geopolymer binder with the dry mixing method has a potential performance to improve the properties of weakness
between geopolymer binder with wet mixing method and portland cement binder :

16
Part 5. Conclusion

The dry mixing method is a method whereby the alkali activator is milled together
1. with pozzolan materials with a certain composition, resulting in a fine grain similar to
cement, or called geopolymer cement.

Design parameter of geopolymer binder with dry mixing method:

a. Fly Ash to Solid Activator Ratio.
b. Sodium Hydroxide to Sodium Silicate Ratio (Solid). 2.
c. Water to cement ratio.

Geopolymer binder with the dry mixing method has a potential performance to, in terms of
3. :improve the properties of weakness between geopolymer binder with wet mixing method
and portland cement binder.
a. The Application (Just add any water to mix with the dry binder, like a portland cement binder).
b. High Performance (Resistant to chemical attack and high temperature attack)
c. More Environmentally Friendly (Make cement without clncker production process)

17
Acknowledgement

Laboratory of Building Structure and Material

Departement of Civil Infrastructure Engineering Research and Product Application Department
Vocational Faculty PT. Semen Indonesia (persero) Tbk,
Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember

GCEE Committee 2017

18
Additional Information

This presentation is only review about geopolymer binder with dry mixing method.
 Invention details of “Geopolymer Cement and Geopolymer Cement Concrete” is still in patent
process at DIRJEN HKI Republic of Indonesia.

19
International Conference
Green Construction Technology and Engineering Education (GCEE) 2017
Atria Hotel, Malang, August 9th 2017

A Review in Geopolymer Cement Binder With Dry Mixing Method

(Geopolymer Cement)

THANK YOU