Case study 1:

Air quality (AQ) identification by innovative trend diagram

and AQ index combinations in Istanbul megacity
Introduction
• Megacities with 14 million
• Most intensive economic activity take place
• Causes air pollutant emissions
• Greenhouse and waste heat
• Impact on ecosystem
• Innovative trend diagram (ITD)
• Air quality index (AQI)
 Air pollution
source

Natural Anthropogenic

• Forest fire
• Humankind
• Volcanos
activity
• Oceans
• Fossil fuel
evaporations
consumptions
• Biological sources
Causes of air pollution
• Air pollutants increase due to industrial developments
• National governments
• Issued regulation restrict pollutants emissions
• Anthropogenic emissions limiting
• Air quality improvement
• Environmental challenges
• Apply ITD-AQI methodology to air pollutant measurements
• Different locations
• Described through ITD approach
• Convenient categorical trend composition
• EPA health status
Result and
discussion
• Figure 1a
- implies no trend in the time series

• Figure 1b and 1c
- Monotonically increasing & decreasing trends
- Means deterioration & improvement in air quality (air quality context)

• Figure 1d and 1e
- non-monotonic increasing and decreasing components
• each diagram can be viewed in a set of classes
• according to the EPA-AQI classification
• 6 classes
- Good (Green)
- Moderate (Yellow)
- Unhealthy Sensitive (Orange)
- Unhealthy (Red)
- Very Unhealthy (Purple)
- Hazardous (Maroon)
• six classes are combined with the innovative trend method
• 36 different regions
• Table 2 indicates linguistic
and numeric position of
each pollutant's averages in
μg/m³ according to the AQI
classification of the EPA.
• 4 country’s air quality to be
study (PM10)
• do not reach to the 5-5 and
6-6 regions
• values piled up on the
regions 1-1, 2-2 and 3-3
• Trend in CO values for Beşiktaş and Esenler stations
• All value in green region for Beşiktaş
• Measurements concentrate in 1-1 region for Esenler
• Trend in SO2 values for Beşiktaş and Esenler stations.
• Decreasing trend for both country
• Higher decreasing trend in Esenler
• Trend in NO2 values for Kadıköy and Ümraniye stations
• no trend within the data until the 3-3 region at Ümraniye
• measurements are seen below the 4-4 region in Kadıköy
• NO2 values from Kadıköy station are scattered usually in the 1-1, 2-2, 3-
3, and 4-4 regions with slightly increasing trend
Conclusion
• (ITD) with the (AQI) classification for better assessment according to
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) health status
• provides air pollutants classification in addition to possible trend
detections within each class.
• difficult to improve the air quality for many reasons
• methodology presented can be applied successfully in any other part
of the world as a supplement to classically existing air quality
assessment methodologies