RESEARCH

General Guidelines
Lecture 3:
Process of Research

In this section, you’ll be able to:

• Enumerate the different steps in
conducting research
• Explain how the research process
reflects process reflects the
systematic character of research
Let’s Try This

Imagine yourself in the following

situation. How will you address the
concern using research?
Let’s Try This

You are a resident of the municipality of

Biñan. Your municipality adopted a waste
management policy requiring residents to
segregate their solid waste. You noticed
that a few had difficulty at first in adhering
to the new regulation but they eventually
learned to practice segregation. You now
want to look into the factors that led to this
and the adjustments people made to follow
the policy.
Let’s Look Deeper
THE RESEARCH PROCESS
Step 1. Identifying a Research
Problem
Step 2. Exploring Existing
Literature about the Problem

 Look for existing knowledge about your

particular topic.

 Hypothesis is a tentative statement

about the relationship between two or
more variables.
 It is a specific, testable prediction about
what you expect to happen in a study.
Step 3. Developing the Research
Design
Step 4. Collecting Data

 Data Collection is the process of

gathering and measuring information or
targeted variables in an established
system, which enables one to answer
relevant questions, test hypotheses and
evaluate outcomes.
Step 4. Collecting Data

5 Data Collection Methods for Obtaining

Quantitative and Qualitative Data
1. Close-ended surveys and Online Quizzes
2. Open-ended surveys and Questionnaires
3. 1on 1 Interviews
4. Focus Groups
5. Direct Observation (most passive
qualitative data collection method)
Step 5. Analyzing Data

 Data Analysis is the process of

systematically applying statistical and/or
logical techniques to describe and
illustrate, condense and recap and
evaluate data.
Step 6. Forming Conclusions,
Implications and Recommendations

 Conclusion it includes the summary of

your study. It is the part where you need
to answer the research questions.
Step 7. Reporting Findings

 The report and presentation

Let’s Think About This

 After learning about the seven steps of

research, what is your impression of
research now? How has your current
understanding of finding knowledge been
enriched? Explain how the research
process is systematic. Write down your
thoughts in your module.
RESEARCH

QUIZ #1
Quiz #1
PART A

IDENTIFICATION. Identify what is being

described in the following statement below.
______1. It is defined as an investigation done
in a systematic manner to reveal a particular
truth about a topic, phenomenon or reality.
______2. The research is best utilized in
pioneering studies that focus on topics that
have not been investigated.
Quiz #1
PART A

______3. This research can explain things,

events, and phenomena, discovering the
answers to “why” it has become so.
______4. It refers to the step by step procedure
to be followed when conducting a research.
______5. It is the problem or the specific issue,
contradiction or gap you will address.
______6. It is a tentative statement about the
relationship between two or more variables.
Quiz #1
PART A

______7. It constitutes the blueprint for the

collection, measurement, and analysis of data.
______8. It is the process of gathering and
measuring information or targeted variables in
an established system.
______9. It refers to the process of
systematically applying statistical and/or logical
techniques to describe and illustrate, condense
and recap and evaluate data.
Quiz #1
PART A

______10. It includes the summary of your

study. It is the part where you need to answer
the research questions.
Quiz #1
PART B

11-12. Define research (2pts).

13-15 Cite the three main purposes of
research according to Babbie.
16-18 Give at least three methods for
obtaining quantitative and qualitative data.
PART C
Arrange the steps of a research process in its
correct order by writing 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7.

_____19. Exploring existing knowledge about the

research problem
_____20.Forming conclusions, implications, and
recommendations
_____21. Identifying a research problem
_____22. Reporting Findings
_____23. Analyzing Data
_____24. Developing the research design
_____25. Collecting Data
Lecture 4:
Characteristics of a Good
Research
In this section, you’ll be able to:
• Describe it’s characteristics
Characteristics of a Good
Research

Research is…
1. Systematic
2. Controlled
3. Empirical
4. Analytical
5. Objective, unbiased, logical
6. Employs hypothesis
7. Employs quantitative and statistical
methods
Characteristics of a Good
Research

Research is…
8. Original work
9. Done by an expert
10. Accurate investigation, observation and
description
11. Patient and unhurried activity
12. Requires effort-making capacity
13. Requires courage