TUTORIAL 6

Objectives
 Determine the solubility and solubility product of
different salts.
 Compare the solubility of different salts.
 Define precipitation titrations.
 Define how to detect end point of argentometric
titrations.
 Applications.
Solubility
 Solubility is the amount of substance that dissolves
in a given volume of solvent at a given
temperature, the solubility is expressed in mol/L.

 Solubility product constant, Ksp, is the constant

for equilibrium expression representing the
dissolving of an ionic solid in water.
 For a salt AaBb, the solubility product can be
expressed as,
Ksp = [A]a[B]b
 The [AaBb] was not considered in the expression as it is a
pure solid.
Question 1:
1- The Ksp value for CaF2 is 4 x 10-11 at 25
degrees. Calculate its solubility at 25 degrees.

 CaF2 Ca+ + 2 F-
S S 2S
 Ksp = [aA]a[bB]b
 Ksp = [S]. [2S]2 = 4[S]3
 S = 2.2 x 10-4 mol/L
 Relative Solubilities:

A salt’s Ksp value gives us information about its solubility,

so IF:
1. The salts being compared produce the same
number of ions:
We can compare the solubilities by comparing the Ksp
values Directly.
2. The salts being compared produce different
numbers of ions.
The Ksp cannot be compared directly, So first we have to
calculate the solubilities.
 Question 2:
2- Justify that the ksp of Ag2CrO4 =1.2X10-12 is lower
than AgCl=1.8x10-10, but Ag2CrO4 solubility is higher
than AgCl .

a) Ksp Ag2CrO4=1.2X10-12 b) Ksp AgCl = 1.8x10-10

Ag2CrO4 2Ag+ + CrO42- AgCl Ag+ + Cl-
S 2S S S S S

Ksp = [2S]2. [S]= 4S3 Ksp = [S]. [S]= S2

S= 3 √( Ksp/4) = 6.69X10-5 S= √ Ksp = 1.34X10-5 mol/l

mol/l
Precipitation titrations
 Precipitation titrations, is based on
reactions that yields ionic compounds of
limited solubility, precipitates.

 For a precipitate to be formed, the ionic

product of its ions should be higher than
the solubility product.

If Ip < Ksp  Not ppt is formed

If Ip > Ksp  ppt is formed
Question 3:
3- 50 ml of 0.1 M NaCl is mixed with 50 ml of 0.2 M
AgNO3. Predict whether a ppt of AgCl will be formed
or not (Ksp of AgCl=1.8x10-10)

 To calculate Ip we have to calculate the conc of

Ag+ & Cl-

1st conc of Cl-

 NaCl  Na+ + Cl-

 NaCl= 50 x 0.1= 5 mmoles

 [Cl-]= 5/100= 0.05 M

Question 3
2nd conc of Ag+
 AgNO3 Ag+ + NO3-

 AgNO3=50 x 0.2= 10 mmoles

 [Ag+]=10/ 100 = 0.1 M

 Ionic product = [Ag+][Cl-]= 0.1x0.05= 0.005

Ip > Ksp AgCl
0.005 > 1.8x10-10
ppt is formed
Question 4
 What minimum volume of 0.09621 M AgNO3 will be
needed to assure an excess of silver ion in the
titration of:

 A) NaCl sample that weighs 0.2513g

(nMV)AgNO3 = (n Wt/Mwt) NaCl

1 x 0.09621 M x V = ( 1x 0.2513g ) /(23+35.5)
V = 0.446 L = 44.64 ml
Question 5
 A Fajan titration of a 0.7908 g sample required
45.32 ml of 0.1046 M AgNO3 .Express the results
of this analysis in term of the percentage of

 A) Cl-
(nMV)AgNO3 = (n Wt/Mwt) Cl-
1x 0.1046 M x (45.32 x 10-3) = Wt/ 35.5
Wt = 0.168 g
Wt%= 0.168 g / 0.7908 g x 100 = 21.28 %
 Extra problems
 1) What minimum volume of 0.09621 M
AgNO3 will be needed to assure an excess of
silver ion in the titration of:
A) A 0.3462-g sample that is 74.52% (w/w) ZnCl2
B) 25.00 ml of 0.01907 M AlCl3

 2) A Fajan titration of a 0.7908-g sample required

45.32 ml of 0.1046 M AgNO3 .Express the results
of this analysis in term of the percentage of:
A) BaCl2.2H2O
B) ZnCl2.2NH4Cl(243.28 g/mol)